Wutar lantarki ta ajiyagalibi ya haɗa da ma'ajiyar makamashi mai ƙarfi da kuma ajiyar makamashi mai ƙarfi. Tsohon yana adana makamashin lantarki a cikin wutar lantarki, yayin da na biyun ke adana makamashin lantarki a cikin filin maganadisu. Ma'ajiyar makamashin lantarki yana da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci a cikin yawan wutar lantarki da rayuwar sake zagayowar, na iya rage tasirin katsewar wutar lantarki nan take, da murƙushe ƙaramar ƙaramar wutar lantarki a cikin grid, da haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki da halayen mitar.
Supercapacitor makamashi ajiya
Supercapacitors, wanda kuma aka sani da electrochemical capacitors, su ne na'urorin ajiyar makamashi waɗanda ke adana makamashi ta hanyar tarin caji akan saman lantarki. Tsarin ajiyar makamashin su ya bambanta da batura na gargajiya; suna adana makamashi ta hanyar cajin da Layer Layer biyu ya samar a cikin hanyar lantarki{1}}electrolyte interface. Super capacitors suna da babban ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, matsananci{3}} tsawon rayuwa, da saurin caji{4}} ƙarfin fitarwa, don haka nemo aikace-aikacen tartsatsi a cikin motocin lantarki, tsarin birki na sabuntawa, samar da wutar lantarki, da ka'idojin mitar grid. Duk da haka, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi yana da ƙasa kaɗan, ƙasa da na batirin lithium{6}}, yana sa su dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar gajeriyar aikace-aikacen gajeriyar wa'adi, mai girma{8}. A nan gaba, tare da ci gaba a kimiyyar kayan aiki, ana sa ran yawan kuzarin supercapacitors zai ƙara ƙaruwa, ta haka za su faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen su a cikin kasuwar ajiyar makamashi.
Za'a iya rarraba manyan masu ƙarfi zuwa sassa uku: lantarki biyu{0}Layer capacitors, Faraday capacitors, da hybrid supercapacitors. Lantarki mai ninki biyu{2}Layer capacitors suna amfani da kayan carbon azaman na'urorin lantarki, inda rarrabuwar caji ke faruwa a ƙaƙƙarfan mu'amalar ruwa da aka kafa ta hanyar hulɗa tare da electrolyte, ƙirƙirar tsarin layi na lantarki mai ninki biyu{4}. Wadannan capacitors suna jurewa cajin cajin jiki da kuma tsarin lalata yayin caji da fitarwa. Ko da yake na'urorin wutar lantarki guda biyu{7}}Layer capacitors suna da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi da tsawon rayuwa, ƙarfin ƙarfin su ya yi ƙasa kaɗan. A halin yanzu, waɗannan na'urori sun sami nasarar aikace-aikacen kasuwanci.
Faraday capacitors amfani da karfe oxides ko conductive polymers a matsayin electrode kayan, inda adsorption capacitance aka kafa ta redox halayen a kan surface da m girma yankunan na wadannan kayan. Ka'idar aiki na wannan nau'in capacitor yayi kama da tsarin amsawa a cikin baturi; idan aka yi la'akari da wurare masu kama da lantarki, zai iya samar da ƙarfin ƙarfin wutar lantarki sau biyu{1}}Layer capacitor. Duk da haka, dangane da halayen wutar lantarki na gaggawa nan take -mai fitarwa na yanzu da rayuwar zagayowar, Faraday capacitors ba sa yin aiki kamar wutar lantarki mai ninki biyu{4}}Layer capacitors. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Faraday capacitors suma suna fuskantar ƙalubale kamar tsadar masana'antu da fasahar ba tukuna balaga.
Hybrid supercapacitors sun shahara saboda yawan kuzarinsu da tsawon rayuwarsu. Ko da yake a halin yanzu a farkon matakan kasuwanci, suna da babban yuwuwar ci gaban gaba.
Superconducting makamashi ajiya
Ma'ajiyar makamashi mai ƙarfi fasaha ce ta ajiyar makamashi ta lantarki wacce ke amfani da manyan na'urori don adana ƙarfin lantarki a cikin yanayin juriya - kyauta. Ƙa'idar aiki ta ƙunshi samar da filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi ta hanyar kai tsaye a cikin na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi, ta haka ne ke adana kuzari, da sakewa ta hanyar fitarwa na yanzu lokacin da ake buƙata. Saboda superconductors ba su da juriya a ƙananan yanayin zafi, superconducting makamashi ajiya tsarin zai iya cimma matsananciyar caji da kuma fitarwa inganci ba tare da kusan babu makamashi asarar. Bugu da ƙari, babban ma'ajiyar makamashi yana da lokacin amsawa cikin sauri, yana samun caji da fitarwa a cikin millise seconds, yana mai da shi dacewa da ƙa'idar wutar lantarki nan take da sarrafa mitar a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, farashin superconducting makamashi ajiya tsarin ne high, yafi iyakance ta ci gaban superconducting kayan da cryogenic sanyaya fasahar. Saboda haka, aikace-aikace na yanzu sun fi mayar da hankali ne a fannoni na musamman waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi, gajeriyar ma'auni{7}, kamar kwanciyar hankali da kayan aikin soja.
Kayan aiki na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ƙaramin{0}} na'urorin zafi kamar Nb-Ti da Nb3Sn, da manyan{3}} na'urorin zafi kamar Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) da Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (BSCCO). Maɗaukakin zafin jiki{5}Superconductors suna da yanayin zafi mafi girma fiye da ƙananan matsananci{6}masu zafi, rage buƙatun sanyaya da kuma sa tsarin ma'ajin makamashi mai ƙarfi ya fi dacewa da tattalin arziki.