Ma'anar lithium- ion baturi electrolyte?

◆Menene electrolytes mai ruwa?

◆Gabatarwa zuwa Solid Electrolytes

The electrolyte, wani makawa bangarenbatirin lithium{0}ion, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cajin baturi - zagayen fitar da wuta.

Ba wai kawai ke da alhakin ingantaccen jigilar lithium ions da kuma tafiyar da na yanzu ba, amma kuma yana da kaddarorin rufewa na lantarki don hana kwararar wutar lantarki kai tsaye tsakanin ma'auni mai inganci da mara kyau. A zahiri, electrolyte yana kama da "jini" a cikin baturin lithium{1} ion, yana tabbatar da haɗin kai tsakanin kayan lantarki masu inganci da mara kyau, ta haka yana ba da tabbacin ci gaba mai sauƙi na gabaɗayan cajin{2}}tsarin fitar da wuta.

Kyakkyawan electrolyte don baturin lithium{0}ion yakamata ya cika waɗannan buƙatu guda biyar:

Tare da ƙara yawan buƙatun ƙarfin baturi da ƙarfin ƙarfin batir{0}, fasahar baturi na haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma kayan lantarki sun sami babban ci gaba. Sabanin haka, ci gaban tsarin electrolyte ya koma baya. Currently, the development of lithium-ion battery electrolytes can be broadly classified into three types: non-aqueous solvent electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, and solid-state electrolytes.

Non{0}}mai ruwa mai ƙarfi electrolyte

 

Wadanda ba-wayoyin kaushi na ruwa a cikin lithium batir{1}ion suna nufin tsarin lantarki wanda ba ya ƙunshe da ruwa, galibi ya ƙunshi kaushi, solutes (yawanci lithium salts), da ƙari. Waɗannan abubuwan da ba na ruwa ba -waɗannan kaushi ne na halitta, maimakon abubuwan da ake amfani da su na ruwa, don guje wa electrolysis na ruwa ko mummuna halayen da kayan lantarki. Lithium salts sune manyan dillalan jigilar lithium{5} ion, abubuwan kaushi suna aiki azaman narkarwa, tarwatsewa, da tallafi ga gishirin lithium, da ƙari suna aiki da farko don haɓaka aikin sinadarai na lantarki ko amincin batirin lithium- ion.

Samfuran electrolytes na kasuwanci (watau Liquid electrolytes) da ake amfani da su a cikin batir lithium{2} ion suna da farko sun ƙunshi gishirin lithium ɗaya ko fiye waɗanda aka narkar da su biyu ko fiye da sauran kaushi; Electrolytes da suka hada da sauran ƙarfi guda ɗaya suna da wuya sosai. Dalilin yin amfani da abubuwan kaushi da yawa shine cewa ainihin batir na duniya suna da mabambanta, har ma da sabani, buƙatu waɗanda suke da wahalar cika ta amfani da sauran ƙarfi guda ɗaya. Misali, electrolytes na iya buƙatar babban ruwa yayin da suke da madaidaicin dielectric; sabili da haka, ana amfani da kaushi tare da kaddarorin physicochemical daban-daban a hade, suna nuna halaye daban-daban a lokaci guda. Bugu da ƙari, ba a amfani da gishirin lithium gabaɗaya a lokaci ɗaya saboda zaɓin gishirin lithium yana da iyaka, kuma fa'idarsu ba ta da sauƙi a bayyana.

Mahimman kaushi na kwayoyin halitta yakamata su mallaki mahimman kaddarorin masu zuwa: Na farko, suna buƙatar babban dielectric akai-akai don tabbatar da narkar da gishirin lithium mai kyau; na biyu, ya kamata su kasance da ƙarancin narkewa da babban wurin tafasa don faɗaɗa yanayin zafin aiki na electrolyte; na uku, ƙananan danko yana taimakawa haɓaka ingantaccen ƙaura na ion lithium a cikin matsakaici; kuma a ƙarshe, ya kamata waɗannan abubuwan kaushi su kasance marasa tsada kuma suna da ƙarancin guba (wanda ba mai guba ba ne). Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na Carbonate, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin farkon kuma mafi yawan amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antar batir lithium - ion baturi, sun mamaye matsayi mai mahimmanci a fagen lantarki na baturi.

A halin yanzu, wannan nau'in sauran ƙarfi ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsari guda biyu: cyclic da sarkar. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana taƙaita ma'auni na zahiri na yawancin abubuwan da ba a saba amfani da su ba, electrolytes, da sauran kaushi.

A halin yanzu, ana amfani da kaushi na alkyl carbonate a cikin electrolytes. Wadannan kaushi suna da kyakkyawan juriya na iskar shaka kuma suna nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarfin lantarki. Cyclic carbonates, irin su ethylene carbonate da propylene carbonate, an san su da babban dielectric akai-akai, ma'ana suna iya narkar da gishirin lithium yadda ya kamata; duk da haka, saboda karfi da karfi na intermolecular, wadannan kaushi suna da babban danko, wanda ke rage motsi na lithium ions a cikin su. Sabanin haka, sarkar carbonates, irin su dimethyl carbonate da diethyl carbonate, yayin da suke da ƙananan danko, suma suna da ƙarancin ƙarancin dielectric akai-akai, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin narkar da ƙarancin lithium salts. Don haka, don shirya tsarin mafita tare da haɓakar haɓakar ionic, nau'ikan kaushi daban-daban galibi ana haɗa su, kamar haɗin PC+DEC ko EC+DMC. Lithium salts, a matsayin tushen lithium ions a cikin electrolyte, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jigilar lithium - ion ion a lokacin caji da aikin fitar da batir lithium{8}. Ayyukan su kai tsaye yana shafar abubuwa da yawa na baturan lithium{10}, gami da yawan kuzari, ƙarfin ƙarfi, kewayon ƙarfin aiki, rayuwar zagayowar, da aminci. A halin yanzu, a cikin binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje da aikin masana'antu, gishirin lithium tare da manyan radiyon anionic da babban kwanciyar hankali na redox yawanci ana zaɓa. Dangane da sinadarainsu, ana iya rarraba gishirin lithium zuwa kashi biyu: gishirin lithium na inorganic da gishirin lithium. An haɓaka gishirin lithium da yawa na inorganic, gami da LiPF6, LiClO4, LIBF, da LIASF. Sabanin haka, gishirin lithium ɗin da aka saba amfani da su a cikin batir lithium ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar ƙara electron{18}}jarar ƙungiyoyi zuwa ga anions na waɗannan gishirin lithium na inorganic, irin su lithium dioxalato{19}borate (LiBOB), lithium difluorooxalato{{20}nyfolithium difluorooxalato{{20}DFOlim Bflu (LiFSI), da lithium ditrifluoromethylsulfonylimide (LTFSI) .Table da ke ƙasa yana nuna daidaitattun kaddarorin physicochemical na yawancin gishirin lithium da aka saba amfani da su a cikin batirin lithium{22}}.

Additives abubuwa ne da aka ƙara zuwa electrolyte a cikin ƙananan ƙididdiga (yawanci ba fiye da 10% ta taro ba) waɗanda ke da takamaiman ayyuka kuma suna iya inganta halayen lantarki na baturi. Dangane da ayyukansu, ana iya rarraba waɗannan abubuwan ƙarawa gabaɗaya zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan za'a iya rarraba su: Fim{2}}}ir}ire-}ir}ire, da abubuwan da suka shafi harshen wuta, da ƙari don hana yin caji. Bugu da kari, akwai abubuwan da ake amfani da su don haɓaka haɓaka aiki, haɓaka aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayin zafi{4}, ko sarrafa adadin adadin da adadin HF a cikin maganin electrolyte.