Thetsarin canza wutar lantarki(PCS) shine mu'amala tsakanin baturi da grid na wuta ko nauyin AC. Ba wai kawai yana ƙayyadaddun ingancin wutar lantarki da halaye masu ƙarfi na fitowar tsarin makamashin baturi ba, har ma yana tasiri sosai ga amincin baturi da tsawon rayuwarsa. Dangane da tsarin da'ira da tsarin na'ura mai canzawa, ana iya raba ainihin nau'ikan PCS zuwa wuta -matakin mitoci{3}}nau'in sama da babba{4}}nau'in haɗin kai tsaye- kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi.
A halin yanzu, matakin ƙarfin lantarki na gungu na baturi na al'ada bai wuce 1500V ba, kuma akwai takamaiman kewayon juzu'i dangane da yanayin caji (SOC). Don haka, don daidaitawa da buƙatun wutar lantarki na grid ko lodi daban-daban, ana saita mai canza wutar lantarki sau da yawa a gefen AC na PCS (Power Conversion System). Wannan ba kawai yana samun haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin AC ko ƙa'ida ba, har ma yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar tsarin waya guda uku-sashe huɗu-tsarin waya a kashe-tsararrun grid don samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan lokaci guda{{6}. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yana inganta kariya da daidaitawa na lantarki na tsarin ajiyar makamashi.
Dangane da adadin matakai, matakin mitar wutar lantarki{0}} nau'in PCS na sama za a iya raba shi zuwa mataki ɗaya{1}} da kuma sau biyu{2} topologies.
Ƙarfin -matakin mitar -sama ɗaya{2}}PCS yana ba da ingantaccen aiki da tsari mai sauƙi; duk da haka, yana fama da ƙananan ƙarfin baturi da iyakanceccen sassauci a zaɓin ƙarfin lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, ɗan gajeren kuskuren kewayawa a gefen DC na PCS zai iya haifar da haɓaka mai girma a cikin fakitin baturi cikin sauƙi, yana haifar da babban haɗari. Hakanan za'a iya rarraba PCS guda ɗaya -mataki guda biyu{7}}mataki, uku{8}}mataki, ko madaidaitan matakan- dangane da matakin ƙarfin fitarwa. Yayin da adadin matakan ke ƙaruwa, za a iya ƙara haɓaka matakin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC da ƙarfin fitarwa na PCS, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi.
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki{0}}nau'i na biyu{2} PCS, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2-22, an saita shi tare da mai juyawa DC/DC bidirectional a tashar shigar da baturi, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin fakitin baturi kuma yana haɓaka sassaucin zaɓin ƙarfin lantarki, kuma yana iya samun ikon sarrafa fakitin baturi masu zaman kansu. Koyaya, yana da tsada mai tsada, ingantacciyar kulawa mai rikitarwa, da ƙarancin inganci. Dangane da sifofi daban-daban na mai sauya DC/DC, ana iya raba nau'ikan PCS guda biyu- zuwa waɗanda ba keɓance da keɓance iri ba. Keɓancewar biyu{10} PCS na iya ƙara haɓaka rabon canjin wutar lantarki kuma yana da mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi, amma ƙira mai girma{11}}ƙarataccen babban mai canzawa{13} haɓaka rabo bidirectional DC/DC Converter yana gabatar da ƙalubale na fasaha. Babban wahalhalu sun haɗa da ƙirar wutar lantarki mai girma{14}}, ƙirar tsarin, juzu'i ko jeri mai sauƙin sauyawa mai laushi, da ƙirar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi.
Don batirin lithium{0} ion, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a cikin manyan tsare-tsare masu ƙarfi{1}, ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba ya bambanta sosai lokacin da yanayin caji (SOC) ke tsakanin kewayon 15% zuwa 85%. Saboda haka, mafi yawan manyan tsarin ajiyar makamashi na - da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu a cikin ƙasata suna amfani da tsarin canza wutar lantarki guda ɗaya (PCS). Koyaya, yayin da wutar lantarkin DC ke gabatowa 1500V, za a ƙara ɗaukar matakan ƙirar topology uku. Tsarin ajiyar makamashi na baturi na 1500V yana rage sawun da ake buƙata da kuma amfani da kayan lantarki kamar akwatunan sauyawa da igiyoyin DC, don haka rage farashin tsarin zuwa wani matsayi. Koyaya, saboda ɗan gajeren tazara tsakanin baturi da PCS, baya bayar da gagarumin raguwa a asarar watsawar DC da aka gani a manyan ma'aunin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic. Bugu da ƙari, yana sanya buƙatun aiki mafi girma akan abubuwan da aka haɗa kamar masu watsewar da'ira na DC bidirectional da masu tuntuɓar DC bidirectional. Tsarin aminci na lantarki da kariyar kariyar da'irar DC shine babban ƙalubale a aiwatar da wannan tsarin.
Don ba da damar aikace-aikacen ultra{0}manyan{1}} tashoshin ajiyar wutar lantarki na baturi, da kuma guje wa haɗin kai na fakitin baturi da yawa, da kuma guje wa asarar da injinan wutar lantarki ke haifarwa da rage farashi, babban -ƙarfin wutar lantarki kai tsaye{3}} PCS da aka haɗa tare da tsarin da ba a taɓa gani ba ya zama babbar hanyar bincike. Mai kama da matakin mitar wutar lantarki - sama PCS, babban-voltage kai tsaye{7} PCS da aka haɗa kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa guda{8}}mataki da nau'i biyu{9} bisa ga adadin matakan sauya wutar lantarki.
PCS ɗin da aka caje ɗaya{0}}matakin PCS na iya fitar da babban ƙarfin lantarki ba tare da taswirar mitar wuta ba, tana haɗa kai tsaye zuwa babban grid ɗin wutar lantarki, yana mai da shi dacewa da gina manyan ma'aunin ma'auni na makamashi. Tsarin da aka ƙera yana samun fitarwa mai yawa{5}, yana tabbatar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki masu jituwa ko da tare da ƙananan mitocin sauyawa a cikin kowane nau'i, don haka yana rage hasara. Koyaya, PCS ɗin da aka caje - yana buƙatar rufin juna a gefen DC, yana haifar da matsanancin damuwa don ƙarancin ƙarfin fitarwa, yana buƙatar ƙira ta musamman. Akwai hanyoyin gama gari{9}}hanyoyi na yanzu tsakanin kowane fakitin baturi da ƙasa, suna buƙatar mafita don gamawa{10}} yanayin halin yanzu.
Yin caji da caji na fakitin baturi sun ƙunshi ripple na biyu{0}, wanda ke yin mummunan tasiri ga hanyar baturin yanzu kuma yana ƙara farashi. Za'a iya raba PCS guda ɗaya -mataki na PCS musamman zuwa H{3}} gada cascadeed da na'ura mai canzawa (MMC), kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi.
Gabaɗaya, babban -ƙara kai tsaye{1}} PCS haɗin gwiwa (Tsarin Canjin Wutar Lantarki) shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci don magance ƙalubalen aminci da nagarta wanda ultra{2}} babban ƙarfin tsarin ajiyar makamashi ya kawo. Koyaya, yana sanya manyan buƙatun rufi akan fakitin baturi da keɓaɓɓen mai sauya DC/DC, wanda ke iyakance karɓowar sa da aikace-aikacensa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙalubale a cikin tattara bayanai na tattara bayanai, haɗin lantarki, da ƙirar aminci na ultra{5}}manyan tsarin batir.