Gwamnatoci da cibiyoyin da abin ya shafa a kasashe daban-daban, wadanda kasashen Sin da Amurka ke wakilta, suna ci gaba da bunkasa sosaimakamashi ajiyamanufofin masana'antu, da suka shafi fannoni kamar tsara dabaru, hanyoyin kasuwa, bincike da ci gaba na fasaha, da tallafin kasafin kuɗi da haraji.
Babban manufofin ajiyar makamashi na kasar Sin
| Ranar Bugawa | Taken Siyasa | Mabuɗin Maɓalli |
|---|---|---|
| 2019.1 | Grid na Kudancin kasar Sin "Ra'ayoyin Jagorori kan Inganta Haɓaka Adana Makamashi na Electrochemical" | Takardun yana buƙatar ƙwace manyan damammaki a cikin haɓakar ajiyar makamashi, da haɓaka aikace-aikace masu fuskoki da yawa na ajiyar makamashi; daidaita tsarin haɗin gwiwar ajiyar makamashi, da zurfafa nazarin hanyoyin dawo da saka hannun jari na makamashi, da sauransu. |
| 2019.2 | Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa "Sanarwa kan Bayar da Mahimman Bayanan Gudanar da Sabuntawar Wutar Lantarki da Ayyukan Sa ido Mai Kyau a 2019" | Inganta tsarin tallafi na fasaha don kula da ingancin aikin ginin wutar lantarki; gudanar da bincike mai inganci kan sabbin ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki kamar tashoshin wutar lantarki. |
| 2019.2 | Kamfanonin Grid na Jiha "Ra'ayoyin Jagororin Haɓaka Lafiya da Tsarin Haɓakawa na Adana Makamashi na Electrochemical" | Tsare-tsare don ɓangaren tushen wutar lantarki, gefen grid, da aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi na gefen mai amfani, yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka sassan gwamnati don haɗa ma'ajiyar makamashi ta gefe da kamfanonin wuta ke saka hannun jari a cikin ingantattun kadarori, ana yaɗa ta ta hanyar watsawa da farashin rarrabawa. |
| 2019.6 | Ma'aikatar Ilimi et al. "Tsarin Ayyuka don Haɓaka La'anar Fasahar Ajiye Makamashi (2020-2024)" | Bukatar hanzarta noman hazaka masu girma{0}} a cikin filin ajiyar makamashi, haɓaka ainihin binciken fasaha na masana'antu da ƙarfin ƙirƙira mai zaman kansa, da haɓaka ingantaccen haɓaka masana'antar ajiyar makamashi. |
| 2019.7 | National Energy Administration et al. "Ra'ayoyin Jagora kan Haɓaka Fasahar Adana Makamashi da Ci gaban Masana'antu (Tsarin Ayyuka na 2019-2020)" | Ana buƙatar ƙarfafa binciken fasahar ajiyar makamashi, haɓaka matakan fasahar ajiyar makamashi; shirya cikakkiyar haɓakawa daga fasahar ajiyar makamashin R&D don nuna aikace-aikacen a cikin bangarori da yawa, da farko suna ba da shawara don daidaita ci gaban ajiyar makamashin lantarki da nazarin hanyoyin dawo da aikin saka hannun jari. |
| 2020.1 | Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa "Tsarin Aiwatar da Kan Ƙarfafa Daidaita Ma'auni na Makamashi" | Bukatar haɓaka haɓaka ƙira na ma'auni na makamashi, ƙarfafa daidaitaccen bincike kan fasahar ajiyar makamashi da ke tasowa da aikace-aikace. |
| 2020.2 | State Grid Corporation "Sanarwa kan Mahimman Ayyukan Aiki na 2020" | Bukatar haɓaka tushen{0}}grid{1}}load{2}}madaidaicin hulɗar ma'ajiya, haɓaka ƙarfin sarrafa kaya, zurfafa aikace-aikacen ƙwararru a cikin sabbin -arni na aika wutar lantarki, da haɓaka sabbin fasahohi daga ayyukan nunin da aka kammala kamar iska{4}} hasken rana{5}}ajiya{6}. |
| 2020.3 | Kwamitin Gudanar da Ma'auni na Ƙasa "Maɓallin Mahimman Bayanai na Ayyukan Daidaitawa na Ƙasa a 2020" | An ambata a cikin daftarin aiki: zai haɓaka ƙirƙira mahimman ƙa'idodi don sabon abin hawa makamashi{0}zuwa{1}}ƙarshen wutar lantarki, ajiyar makamashin wutar lantarki, buƙatar wutar lantarki{2}} sarrafa gefe, da sauransu. |
| 2020.4 | Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa "Sanarwa kan Al'amura masu Alaka da Shirye-shiryen 'Shirin Shekara Biyar' na '14th Biyar' don Ci gaban Sabunta Makamashi" | An yi nuni da cewa: ci gaba da haɓaka albarkatu masu sabuntawa da aka rarraba, da ƙarfi da haɓaka amfani kusa da amfani da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa a gefen mai amfani, haɗa tare da sabbin fasahohi kamar ajiyar makamashi da makamashin hydrogen don haɓaka amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa da ingantaccen amfani da makamashi. |
| 2020.5 | Majalisar Jiha "Ra'ayoyin Jagora kan Inganta Samar da Sabon Tsarin Ci gaban Yamma a Sabon Zamani" | Matakan da ke da alaƙa sun haɗa da ƙarfafa haɓakawa da amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa, gudanar da bincike kan manyan ayyuka na tsara makamashi don tashoshin wutar lantarki na Kogin Yellow River, da haɓaka rukunin tushen makamashi mai tsafta. |
| 2020.5 | Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa "Ra'ayoyin Jagora kan Kafawa da Inganta Tsabtace Tsarin Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Makamashi (Shirya don Sharhi)" | Ana buƙatar haɓaka hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki masu dacewa don tsabtace amfani da makamashi, haɓaka ƙarfin tsarin tsarin wutar lantarki da sassauƙa, ƙirƙira samfuran amfani da makamashi mai tsafta, ƙarfafa ikon koren wutar lantarki a cikin mu'amalar kasuwa, don haɓaka haɓaka ingantaccen ingantaccen makamashi mai tsafta. |
Ban da wannan kuma, lardunan Xinjiang, da Zhejiang, da Shandong, da Henan, da Hubei, su ma sun yi nasarar gabatar da manufofi da matakan da suka shafi ajiyar makamashi.
A cikin 2011, {asar Amirka ta fitar da "Tsarin Adana Makamashi na 2011{2}2015," kuma a halin yanzu, fiye da rabin jihohin Amurka suna tura na'urorin ajiyar makamashi na megawatt, tare da jihohi takwas da ke da nauyin fiye da 50 MW na kayan aiki {{6} sikelin tsarin ajiyar makamashi. Yawancin ayyukan adana makamashin batir mai girman megawatt da aka kammala sun sami aikin kasuwanci.
Bayanin Samfura
| Yanki | Shekara | Siyasa da Ma'auni |
|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts | 2014 | Tallafin tsarin kasuwar ajiyar makamashin baturi, kafa haɗin gwiwar dabarun, da ayyukan nunin tallafi don ajiyar makamashi na ma'auni daban-daban a gefen grid, gefen rarraba, da gefen mai amfani. |
| Massachusetts | 2013 | An kafa tsarin keɓaɓɓen tanadin makamashi na 1325 MW don kamfanoni masu zaman kansu (IOUs). |
| California | 2016 | Ƙara adadin ajiyar makamashi na tilas daga 1.3 GW zuwa 1.8 GW ta ƙara 500MW. |
| California | 2017 | Canza hanyar tallafin, tare da cikakken la'akari da abubuwa kamar farashi a cikin tsarawa, raguwar farashin ajiyar makamashi, lissafin tattalin arzikin ayyuka, da tallafi dangane da shigar da ayyukan ajiyar makamashi. |
| Oregon | 2015 | Sanya maƙasudin siyan ajiyar makamashi na MWh 5 don 2020 don kamfanoni masu amfani. |
| Washington | 2019 | Majalisar dokokin jihar ta zartar da wani doka a watan Afrilu 2019 da ke buƙatar kayan aiki don bin wasu ƙa'idodi a cikin dogon shiri na dogon lokaci don shirya albarkatun makamashi da aka rarraba. |
| Washington | 2019 | Majalisar dokokin jihar ta zartas da wani kudirin doka da ke bai wa masu amfani damar rattaba hannu kan kwangilolin sayen makamashin makamashi tare da wasu bangarori na uku, tare da bukatar kowane mai amfani ya tura akalla 9.0MW na karfin ajiyar makamashin da aka sanya. |
| Minnesota | 2019 | Yarjejeniyar daftarin tanadin makamashi yana buƙatar ɗaukar BESS azaman tushen wutar lantarki, kuma ya umarci Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta jihar ta gudanar da nazarin farashi na tsarin ajiyar makamashi don taimakawa kayan aiki dawo da farashi daga ayyukan da suka danganci. |
| Colorado | 2019 | Gwamnan ya rattaba hannu kan dokar samar da ababen more rayuwa da ke bukatar Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Colorado ta yi nazarin darajar ƙara albarkatun makamashi da aka rarraba, gami da BESS, zuwa ga ma'auni. |
| Maryland | 2019 | Gwamnatin jihar ta amince da shirin gwajin ajiyar makamashi kuma ta bukaci kayan aikin da za su ba da kwangilar ayyukan ajiyar makamashin baturi guda biyu. |
| Arkansas | 2019 | An ba Hukumar Sabis ta Jama'a izinin bayar da ra'ayoyi akan lokaci{0}na{1}}amfani da wuraren albarkatun makamashi don abubuwan amfani. |
| New York | 2016 | An ƙaddamar da shirin tallafi tare da $200/kW don BESS da $800/kW don amsa buƙata. |
| New York | 2019 | Hukumar Bincike da Ci gaban Makamashi ta jihar ta ware dala miliyan 280 don ayyukan ajiyar makamashi a karkashin shirin tallafin bunkasa kasuwa. |
Daga cikin su, California da New York sune jihohi biyu mafi girma kuma mafi yawan aiki a kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta Amurka. Duk jihohin biyu sun fitar da lokaci{3}} tsare-tsaren sake fasalin makamashi da taswirorin ajiyar makamashi don cimma tsaftataccen makamashi 100% ko carbon -lantarki kyauta. Bisa ga waɗannan tsare-tsaren gyare-gyare, ana hasashen California tana buƙatar tura akalla 10 GW na tsarin ajiyar makamashi a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, yayin da New York ke buƙatar isa ga 1.5 GW na ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi nan da 2025 da 3 GW nan da 2030. A karshen wannan, jihohin biyu sun gabatar da shirye-shiryen tallafi musamman don ajiyar makamashi.
Sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi hade da aikace-aikacen ajiyar makamashi suna zama na al'ada
Tare da neman makamashi mai tsafta a duniya, rabon samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, wanda aka wakilta ta hanyar iska da hasken rana, yana karuwa da sauri. Koyaya, sauye-sauyen yanayi na iska da makamashin hasken rana yana haifar da ƙalubale ga tsarin wutar lantarki na gargajiya, waɗanda galibi suka dogara ne akan makamashin burbushin halittu, dangane da ƙarfin haɗin grid, sassauci, da tsaro. Yayin da ake mu'amala da jujjuyawar lodin bazuwar, tsarin wutar lantarki kuma dole ne su daidaita yanayin jujjuyawar hanyoyin samar da makamashi ta hanyar daidaita abubuwan da ake fitarwa na masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta al'ada da kuma kara karfin rukunan ajiya na al'ada don tabbatar da watsawa da hadewar samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Haɗin makamashi mai sabuntawa da tsarin ajiyar makamashi na iya haɓaka kwanciyar hankali da amincin samar da makamashin da za a iya sabuntawa da kuma ba da goyan baya mai ƙarfi ga grid ɗin wutar lantarki. Yin amfani da fasahohin ci gaba da haɗin gwiwar tsarin ajiyar makamashi yana ba da damar sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi don samar da ingantaccen tallafi ga grid ɗin wutar lantarki, yana mai da shi fasaha mai tallafi mai mahimmanci don cimma babban rabo na samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin grid na wutar lantarki. Wannan yana bayyana a cikin abubuwa masu zuwa:
①
Taimakawa babban haɗin kai{0}} na manyan hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin grid, musamman a ƙarshen tsarin wutar lantarki inda kayan aikin grid ba su da ƙarfi, saboda sauye-sauyen fitar da makamashi mai sabuntawa na iya kawo cikas ga kwanciyar hankali na tsarin wutar lantarki.
②
Haɓaka ingantaccen amfani da haɗin kai na hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Yin amfani da tsarin ajiyar makamashi don canza haɓakar makamashi mai sabuntawa akan lokaci, mafi dacewa da buƙatun kaya, da ba da damar amfani da gida.
③
Haɓaka ikon hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa don ba da sabis na tallafi ga grid ɗin wutar lantarki da jure kurakuran grid.
Farashin lithium{0} ion tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi ya ƙara raguwa, kuma babban matsayinsu ya bayyana.
A halin yanzu, manyan nau'ikan batirin ajiyar makamashi guda uku su ne lithium{0}}batir ion, batir gubar{1}, da batura masu gudana. Ana nuna alamun aiki da kimanta aikin injiniya na waɗannan manyan nau'ikan batirin ajiyar makamashi guda uku a cikin Tables 1-3 da 1-4.
Tebur 1-3: Alamomin Aiki na Manyan Nau'o'in Batura Na Ajiye Makamashi Uku
| Nau'in Baturi | Ayyuka | Cikakkiyar Farashin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Rayuwa (USD/kWh) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin Zurfafawa | Babban -Caji/Fitar da ƙima | Saurin Amsa | Rayuwar Zagayowar (Cycles) | ||
| Batirin Lithium{0}ion | Yayi kyau | Madalla | Madalla | 5000 ~ 8000 | 0.4 ~ 0.9 |
| Gubar -Batir Acid | Yayi kyau | Yayi kyau | Yayi kyau | 3000 ~ 5000 | 0.46 ~ 0.54 |
| Batirin Guda | Madalla | Matsakaicin | Yayi kyau | 8000 ~ 15000 | 0.53 ~ 0.74 |
Tebur 1-4: Ƙimar Injiniyan Manyan Nau'o'in Batura Na Ajiye Makamashi Uku
| Nau'in Baturi | Tsaro | Aiwatar Injiniya (Kashi) | Maimaituwa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zama | Nauyi | |||
| Batirin Lithium{0}ion | Hadarin konewa da fashewa | 1 | 1 | Maimaituwa |
| Gubar -Batir Acid | Ainihin babu haɗarin aminci | 1.5 | 2.5 | Ba za a iya sake yin amfani da su cikin sauƙi ba |
| Batirin Guda | Babu haɗarin konewa, yuwuwar yayyowar electrolyte idan akwai sauran ƙarfi | 4 | 3.5 ~ 5 | Ana iya sake yin amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye |
Daga cikin waɗannan, batirin lithium{0} ion, saboda ƙarfin ƙarfinsu, tsawon rayuwarsu, saurin caji da saurin fitarwa, da ingantaccen aiki, sun zama ɗaya daga cikin fasahar adana makamashi mai ƙarfi, kuma an yi nazari sosai kuma an yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi daga ƴan kWh zuwa ɗaruruwan MWh.
Ana danganta saurin haɓakar tsarin ajiyar makamashin batir na lithium{0}ion ga 完善ing na lithium{1}} sarkar masana'antar baturi da haɓakar fashewar aikace-aikacen batura masu ƙarfi. Koyaya, idan aka kwatanta da batura masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke jaddada alamun aiki, batir ajiyar makamashi sun fi mayar da hankali kan farashi, tsawon rayuwa, da ingancin makamashi. Dangane da hasashe na Wood Mackenzie, wani kamfani na - na Amurka, farashin grid{5}}gefen BESS (Tsarin Adana Makamashin Batirin) zai ragu da kashi 10% a shekara{7}}a - shekara a 2020 kuma zai ci gaba da rage raguwar shekara ta aƙalla 5% kafin 2025, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 1-3.
Hoto 1 -3: Rage farashi na BESS-gefen grid (Tsarin Adana Makamashi)
Gabaɗaya, baturan lithium{0}ion suna nuna kyakkyawan aiki ta kowane fanni, kuma gagarumin tasirin bincike, haɓakawa, da samarwa, tare da raguwar farashin masana'antu da sauri a kowace shekara, za su ƙara ƙarfafa matsayinsu mai ƙarfi a fagen ajiyar makamashin baturi.
Ana ƙara haɗawa da ajiyar makamashi tare da fasahohin sarrafawa daban-daban na gargajiya da na hankali
Haɗin kai na BESS tare da fasahar sarrafa tsarin wutar lantarki na gargajiya da ka'idoji yana faɗaɗa aikin aikace-aikacen ka'idodin tsarin wutar lantarki na gargajiya kuma yana samar da hanyoyin sarrafawa masu inganci. Aikace-aikacensa na haɗin gwiwa tare da na'urorin tsarin wutar lantarki na gargajiya yana inganta haɓaka aikin jujjuyawar saiti na janareta kuma yana haifar da sabbin buƙatun fasaha don na'urorin sarrafa ingancin wutar lantarki da na'urorin kariya na relay.
Haɗin kai tare da ci-gaba na dijital da fasahar fasaha, tsarin adana makamashi ya zama muhimmin sashi a cikin ginin grid masu wayo. Na'urori masu tasowa irin su manyan bayanai, lissafin girgije, hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi, da tagwayen dijital za su kara fadada tsarin kasuwanci na tsarin ajiyar makamashi, samar da wuraren aikace-aikacen da ke tasowa kamar "ajiya mai ƙarfi" da "tsararrun wutar lantarki ta zahiri." Waɗannan fasahohin kuma suna ba da ingantattun hanyoyin fasaha don tsinkayar kuskure da ganewar asali, hasashen rayuwa, da sarrafa kayan aikin ciki a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi.
Microgrid - tushen hadedde tsarin makamashi mai wayo, tare da tsarin ajiyar makamashi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fasaharsa, yana la'akari da halayen fitarwa na nau'ikan hanyoyin wutar lantarki da aka rarraba daban-daban. Yana da nufin samar da tsarin samar da makamashi wanda zai dace da bukatun abokin ciniki da kuma fasalta ingantaccen sarrafa makamashi da fasaha, samun wadataccen makamashi mai tsabta da tattalin arziki ga yankin. Hakanan yana ba da damar sauyawa mai sassauƙa tsakanin grid{3}}haɗe da kashewa{4}} hanyoyin aiki na grid don grid ɗin wutar lantarki, inganta amincin samar da wutar lantarki da tabbatar da amincin wutar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yana haɓaka matakin sarrafa wutar lantarki da musayar makamashi tsakanin grid na yanki da babban grid, da cimma shirin amfani da makamashi da ake iya aikawa a yankin.