Tare da babban ci gaba da amfani da sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi, da karuwar buƙatu na bambance-bambance da amincin wutar lantarki, kowane fanni na tsarin wutar lantarki, daga samarwa zuwa amfani, yana fuskantar manyan canje-canje. Fasahar adana makamashi da tsarin sun karya ƙugiya na ainihin ma'aunin wutar lantarki na lokaci{2} a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki na gargajiya, suna haɓaka sassaucin tsarin wutar lantarki sosai. Wannan, bi da bi, kai tsaye yana haifar da sauye-sauye na gine-ginen wutar lantarki, wanda asalinsa ya mamaye burbushin makamashi, zuwa wanda sabbin hanyoyin makamashi suka mamaye, kuma wannan tsari yana ci gaba da zurfafawa.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran siffofinfasahar adana makamashi, Tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi (BESS) yana da halaye iri-iri da kuma hanyoyin haɗin kai da yawa. Wannan yana ba BESS damar biyan bukatun tsarin wutar lantarki da masu amfani da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, don haka ya jawo hankalin jama'a. Bugu da ƙari, bincike kan fasahar haɗin kai ta BESS yana tasiri kai tsaye ga ci gaban BESS kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan fasahohin don manyan aikace-aikacen sa da haɓakawa-.
Bayanin kasuwar ajiyar makamashi
Bisa kididdigar da ba ta cika ba, daga cibiyar adana makamashi ta duniya na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Masana'antu ta Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance (CNESA), ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2019, yawan aikin da aka girka na ayyukan ajiyar makamashi a duk duniya (ciki har da ma'ajiyar ruwa mai ruwa, ajiyar makamashin batir, narkakken gishirin zafin jiki, ajiyar makamashin tashi sama, da sauran hanyoyin adana makamashi). shekara-a - karuwa na 1.9%. Daga cikin wannan, ma'ajiyar ruwa mai famfo tana da mafi girman ƙarfin da aka girka a 171.0 GW, shekara{7}}a kan-ƙarin shekara na 0.2%; Ma'ajiyar makamashin baturi ya biyo baya tare da tarin ƙarfin da aka girka na 9520.5 MW; a tsakanin fasahohin adana makamashin baturi daban-daban, batir lithium{11} ion suna da mafi girman ƙarfin da aka girka a 8454.2 MW, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi.
Ƙarfin da aka shigar da shi na ayyukan ajiyar makamashi na duniya (a cikin MW)
Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2019, yawan aikin da kasar Sin ta yi na aikin ajiyar makamashi ya kai 32.4 GW, wanda ya kai kashi 17.6% na kasuwannin duniya, a shekara{3}}a{4} ya karu da kashi 3.6% a shekara. Daga cikin wannan, ma'ajiyar ruwa mai famfo tana da mafi girman ƙarfin shigar da aka samu a 30.3 GW, shekara -a - ƙaruwa na shekara na 1.0%; Ma'ajiyar makamashin batir a matsayi na biyu tare da tarin ƙarfin da aka girka na 1709.6 MW, shekara guda{12}}a kan - karuwar shekara na 59.4%. Daga cikin fasahohin adana makamashin baturi iri-iri, batirin lithium{16} ion sun sami mafi girman ƙarfin da aka girka a 1377.9MW, kamar yadda aka nuna a wannan adadi na ƙasa.
Ƙarfin da aka shigar da shi na ayyukan ajiyar makamashi a China (Naúrar: MW)
Ko da yake hanyoyin ajiyar makamashi na jiki, wanda aka wakilta ta hanyar ajiyar ruwa na famfo, har yanzu suna mamaye ayyukan ajiyar makamashi na duniya, wanda ya kai kashi 92.6%, farashin hannun jari na farko yana da yawa, kuma akwai iyakacin wuri don rage farashin nan gaba, kuma suna da manyan buƙatu don yanayin yanki. Adana makamashin batir, a matsayin muhimmin nau'i na ajiyar makamashin lantarki, ya haɓaka cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. BESS (Tsarin Ajiye Makamashi na Batir) suna da fa'idodin fasaha kamar aikace-aikacen sassauƙa, ƙarancin juzu'i, saurin amsawa, daidaiton ƙa'ida, kuma ba'a iyakance su ta yanayin ƙasa ba, yana sa su dace da samarwa da yawa da manyan aikace-aikace- sikeli, multi- aikace-aikacen filin. Mafi mahimmanci, ana sa ran farashin tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi daban-daban zai ƙara raguwa da 50% zuwa 60%. Don haka, a cewar hukumar sabunta makamashi ta kasa da kasa (IRENA), ma'aunin BESS na duniya zai karu cikin sauri zuwa 175 GW nan da shekarar 2030. Bisa hasashen CNESA, tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa 2024, girman kasuwar ajiyar makamashin batir ta kasar Sin zai ci gaba da karuwa, inda adadin karuwar da aka samu a shekara zai kai kashi 55% zuwa 65% a GW da kashi 25 cikin dari.
Koyaya, rabon yanki na ayyukan ajiyar batir ya kasance mara daidaituwa sosai. Ko da yake an kaddamar da sabbin ayyukan adana makamashin batir a kasashe ko yankuna 49 na duniya a shekarar 2019, kasashe goma na farko, wadanda Sin, da Amurka, da Birtaniya, da Jamus, da Australia suka wakilta, sun kai kashi 91.6% na yawan karfin da aka kara a duniya a shekarar 2019. Yawan aikin ajiyar makamashin batir a kasar Sin da Amurka ya zarce MW 500, inda kasar Sin ta zo matsayi na 2 a matsayi na 1, musamman a matsayi na 7. 2018 zuwa matsayi na farko a cikin 2019. Koriya ta Kudu, wacce ta zo na uku a cikin 2017 kuma ta farko a cikin 2018, ta ga koma baya a cikin sabbin ayyukan adana makamashin batir a cikin 2019 saboda abubuwan tsaro.
A shekarar 2019, manyan larduna goma (yankunan cin gashin kansu, gundumomi) na kasar Sin wadanda suka fi yin sabbin ayyukan adana makamashin batir sun hada da Guangdong, Jiangsu, Hunan, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Beijing, Anhui, Shanxi, Zhejiang, da Henan. Haɗaɗɗen sabbin ƙarfin aiki a waɗannan larduna goma (yankunan masu cin gashin kansu, da gundumomi) sun kai kashi 88.9% na sabon ƙarfin da Sin ke da shi a shekarar 2019.
Godiya ga ci gaba da ci gaba a fasahar ajiyar makamashi da rijiyar da ta haɓaka kasuwan wutar lantarki a Amurka, ajiyar makamashin baturi ya zama mafi sauri{1}}asashen fasahar ajiyar makamashi a Amurka, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a kowane fanni na tsarin wutar lantarki, gami da tsarawa, watsawa, rarrabawa, da amfani, samar da ingantaccen taswirar fasaha da ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci.
An yi wa shekarar 2019 lakabi da shekarar karyewa ga masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ta Amurka, tare da yawan shigar da karfin ajiyar makamashin batir ya kai megawatt 1600 a waccan shekarar. Dangane da sabbin bayanan da aka fitar a cikin "Littafin Kula da Adana Makamashi na 2019" na Kungiyar Ajiye Makamashi (ESA), jimillar sabbin karfin ajiyar makamashi a cikin Amurka a cikin 2019 ya kai 522.7 MW/1113 MWh, tare da kwata na hudu kadai ya kai 186.4 MW/264.2 MWh. McKinsey & Kamfanin ya annabta cewa ƙarfin tura ƙarfin batir na Amurka zai ninka sau uku na 2019 a 2020, fiye da ninki biyu nan da 2021, kuma ya kai 7.3 GW nan da 2025; Jimillar jarin da aka zuba a kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta Amurka a shekarar 2019 ya kai dala miliyan 712, yayin da ake hasashen zai yi tsalle zuwa dala biliyan 2 a shekarar 2020.
Saboda bambance-bambance a tsarin wutar lantarki da bukatar wutar lantarki a gida da waje, manyan wuraren aikace-aikacen fasahar ajiyar makamashin baturi su ma sun bambanta. Ɗaukar tsarin ajiyar makamashin batirin lithium{1} ion a matsayin misali, a duniya, aikace-aikacen da aka fi sani da shi shine a gefen grid, kamar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun mita, mafi girman askewa, da sabis na tallafi, wanda ya kai 52.7%, sannan yana goyan bayan haɗakarwar makamashi mai sabuntawa a 28.9%, da rarrabawa da aikace-aikacen microgrid akan ɓangaren mai amfani a 18%. A kasar Sin, goyon bayan hadewar makamashi mai sabuntawa shine mafi yawan aikace-aikace, wanda ya kai kashi 37.7%, sai kuma grid{7}}gefe da mai amfani{8}} aikace-aikacen gefe a kashi 25% da 25.3%, bi da bi.
Duk da cewa yawan ci gaban da aka samu a shekarar 2019 ya yi kadan idan aka kwatanta da na kashi 126% na ci gaban kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta duniya a shekarar 2018, ajiyar makamashi zai ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai karfi yayin da manyan kasashe ke zurfafa canjin makamashin su tare da kara bukatunsu na sassaucin tsarin wutar lantarki. Ya riga ya zama babbar fasaha ga kasashe don cimma manufofinsu na makamashi. Don haka, ya zuwa watan Yuni na shekarar 2020, yawan karfin da aka girka na ayyukan ajiyar wutar lantarki a duniya ya kai 185.3 GW, tare da karfin shigar kasar Sin ya kai 32.7 GW. Daga cikin wannan, adadin kuzarin da aka girka na adana makamashin batir a duniya ya kai megawatt 10,112.3, wanda ya zarce adadin GW 10, wanda ke nuna karuwar shekara guda da kaso 36.1%, yayin da karfin shigar kasar Sin ya kai 1,831.0MW, shekara guda{17} na karuwa da kashi 9.