Menene Ma'anar Ah Akan Baturi? Kimar Amp Hour

Na rasa adadin sau nawa abokin ciniki ya kira ni yana tambayar me yasa bankin batirin su "200Ah" ya ƙare bayan awa 3 kawai lokacin da lissafi ya ce ya kamata ya wuce 8. Amsa a takaice? Wannan lambar Ah a kan lakabin baya nufin abin da yawancin mutane ke tunanin ma'anarta.

Menene Ah ke nufi akan baturi?Yana nufin ampere{0}}awa - ma'auni na yawan cajin wutar lantarki da baturi ke adanawa. Ka yi tunaninsa kamar tankin mai a cikin babbar mota. Tankin gallon 100{6} yana gaya muku iya aiki, amma baya gaya muku nisan da zaku iya tuƙi. Wannan ya dogara da nauyin da kuke ɗauka, ƙasa, yanayi, da kuma ko injin ku man fetur ne - sipper ko mai iskar gas.

Batura suna aiki iri ɗaya. Ƙimar 100Ah yana nufin baturin zai iya isar da amps 100 na tsawon awa ɗaya, ko 10 amps na awanni goma, ko 1 amp na awa ɗari. Amma "a zahiri" yana yin nauyi mai yawa a cikin wannan jumla.

Ga abin da ke da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke siyan batura don wurin kasuwanci, tsarin ajiyar masana'antu, ko aikin mai amfani: fahimtar tazarar da ke tsakanin abin da aka buga akan takaddar bayanan da abin da ke nunawa a duniyar gaske. Yi kuskure, kuma ko dai kuna biyan kuɗi don ƙarfin da ba za ku taɓa amfani da shi ba ko kuma kushewa lokacin da tsarin ajiyar ku ya ƙare tsakiyar{1}}.

Math Mai Sauƙi ne. Gaskiyar Ba haka Ba.

Tsarin asali ba zai iya zama mai sauƙi ba:

Lokacin Gudu=Ƙarfin Baturi (Ah) ÷ Load ɗin Yanzu (A)

Kuna da baturi 100Ah? Gudun nauyin 10-amp? Wato awa 10 na lokacin aiki. Anyi.

Sai dai... ba da gaske ba. Ban taɓa ganin baturi a zahiri yana isar da cikakken ƙarfinsa a wajen dakin gwaje-gwaje ba. Ga dalilin da ya sa wannan dabarar ta rabu a fagen:

Matsalolin Yawan Fitar

Masu kera batir suna gwada ƙarfin aiki a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi{0}} yawanci jinkirin, fitarwa mai sauƙi sama da sa'o'i 20 (wanda ake kira ƙimar C/20). Batir ɗin ku na 100Ah ya sami wannan ƙimar ta hanyar zana amps 5 kawai na awanni 20 kai tsaye.

Amma tsarin ajiyar ku baya zana 5 amps. Yana zana 50. Ko 100. Kuma idan ka ja halin yanzu da sauri, ba ka samun ko'ina kusa da rated iya aiki.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Batura suna ƙin yanayin sanyi kusan kamar yadda nake yi. A yanayin zafi mai daskarewa, zaku iya samun 70-75% kawai na ƙimar ƙima. A -20 digiri? Kuna kallon watakila rabi.

Ina da abokin ciniki a Minnesota wanda ya ƙididdige wariyar hanyar sadarwar su ta waje dangane da aikin bazara. Farkon sanyin sanyi, tsarin ya gaza. Darasi mai tsada.

Matsalolin Kimiyya

Wannan shi ne babba, kuma a nan ne nake ganin kurakurai mafi tsada.

Batir na gubar 100Ah{1} da baturin lithium 100Ah ba abu ɗaya bane. Ba ma kusa ba. Yana kama da kwatanta tankin gallon 100{6} a cikin sedan tare da lamba ɗaya ta manyan motoci iri ɗaya, mabanbanta kewayo mai amfani.

Me yasa Ba za a iya kwatanta ƙimar Acid da Lithium Ah kai tsaye-

A baya a karshen shekarun 1800, wani masanin kimiya dan kasar Jamus mai suna Wilhelm Peukert ya gano wani abu mara dadi: da sauri ka zubar da baturi, karancin kuzarin da kake samu daga ciki. Har yanzu lissafinsa yana kan mu a yau.

Ga sigar da ta dace: Batura{0}acid na gubar suna da juriya na ciki. Lokacin da kuka ja ƙarfin halin yanzu, ƙarfin da yawa yana ɓacewa azaman zafi a cikin baturi maimakon kunna kayan aikin ku. Ma'anar Peukert tana ƙididdige wannan - gubar - batirin acid yawanci maki 1.2 zuwa 1.6, ma'ana gagarumin hasarar iya aiki.

Batirin lithium? Ƙarfin su na Peukert yana kusa da 1.02 zuwa 1.05. Kusan rashin kulawa. Kuna samun kusan cikakken ƙarfin ƙima ba tare da la'akari da wahalar da kuke ja ba.

Bayanin Chart: Baturin gubar -acid da aka ƙididdigewa a 100Ah yana ba da kusan 55Ah ne kawai lokacin da aka saki sama da sa'o'i 2 maimakon 20. Batirin lithium yana ba da 98Ah a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya. Lakabi ɗaya, aiki daban-daban.

Amma yana ƙara tsananta ga gubar -acid. Hakanan ba za ku iya amfani da cikakken ƙarfi ba tare da kashe baturin ba.

Zurfin{0}}yana fitar da gubar gubar{1}}acid a kai a kai kasa da kashi 50% na caji, kuma za ku rage tsawon rayuwarsa. Yawancin masana'antun suna ba da shawarar tsayawa sama da 50%{5}ma'ana baturin ku na "100Ah" yana ba ku 50Ah na iya aiki.

Batirin lithium yana ɗaukar zurfin 80-90% na fitarwa akai-akai, wasu ma 100%. Batirin lithium ɗin ku na 100Ah yana ba da 80-90Ah na ƙarfin aiki.

Bari in sanya ainihin lambobi akan wannan:

Same Ah rating. Baturin lithium yana ba da kusan ninki biyu na makamashin da ake amfani da shi.

Muna ganin wannan wasa koyaushe a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa da sake fasalin masana'antu. Wani aiki na baya-bayan nan ya ƙunshi tashar tashar sadarwa mai nisa wacce ke dogaro da babban bankin gubar 400Ah{2}}acid. Ma'aikacin ya ji takaici saboda ƙarancin wutar lantarki ya ci gaba da haifar da raguwar raguwar wutar lantarki bayan awanni 3 na ƙarfin ajiyar waje kawai{6}} ga abin da suke bukata na awa 6.

Mun maye gurbin wancan babban bankin da 200Ah 48V LiFePO4 rack modules{3}}aikin fasaha rabin adadin karfin “platelet”. Sakamakon? Sabon tsarin ya samar da tsawon sa'o'i 5 na tsayayyen lokacin aiki saboda bai sha wahala daga asarar Peukert a ƙarƙashin nauyin shafin ba. Abokin ciniki ya sami ƙarin lokacin gudu sama da 60% na gaske{8} daga tsarin da yayi ƙasa da kashi 60%. Wannan shine bambancin dake tsakaninfahimtar abin da Ah ke nufi akan baturia ka'idar da abin da yake bayarwa a aikace.

Abin da Wadancan C{0}} Ma'anar Ma'anar Ma'anar Ma'anar Takaddun Takaddun Bayanan

Lokacin da kuka tono cikin takaddun bayanan baturi, zaku ga iya aiki da aka jera a mabambantan ƙimar "C{0}." Wannan ba talla ba ne-yana gaya muku daidai yadda masana'anta suka gwada wannan lambar.

C/20 yana nufin an cire baturin sama da awanni 20. C/10 yana nufin awa 10. C/5 yana nufin awa 5.

Kama: masana'antun daban-daban suna amfani da ƙimar C{0} daban-daban don ƙayyadaddun kanun labarai. Wasu alamun kasafin kuɗi suna gwadawa a C/100 (fitarwa na awa 100) don haɓaka lambobin Ah ɗin su. Wannan baturin 100Ah da aka gwada a C/100? Yana iya isar da 70Ah kawai a ƙimar C/20 waɗanda manyan masana'antun ke amfani da su.

Kafin kwatanta kowane baturi biyu, duba ƙimar C{0}. Idan sun bambanta, kwatanta ba shi da ma'ana.

Duban tsafta mai sauri: idan baturi yayi kyau ya zama gaskiya akan farashi{0}}kowane{1}Ah, duba ƙimar C{2}} da suke amfani dashi. Sau da yawa zaka ga an gwada batirin "cina" a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗa ba kamar ainihin aikace-aikacenku ba.

Ah vs. Wh vs. kWh: Samun Raka'a Madaidaici

Wannan yana tafiya da mutane kullum. Bari in share shi.

Ah (sa'o'i na ampere{0})yana gaya muku ikon cajin ƙarfin halin yanzu{0} nawa akan nawa ne.

Wh (watt{0}}awa)yana gaya muku ƙarfin kuzari -ainihin lissafin makamashi mai amfani da wutar lantarki.

Juyawa:Makamashi (Wh)=Ƙarfin (Ah) × ƙarfin wuta (V)

Batirin 12V, 100Ah yana adana 1,200Wh. Batirin 48V, 100Ah yana adana 4,800Wh.

Sau huɗu ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kuzari huɗu{0} duk da cewa duka suna faɗin "100Ah" akan alamar.

Lokacin da kuke kwatanta ƙididdiga daga masu siyarwa daban-daban, koyaushe ku canza zuwa Wh ko kWh. Na ga ƙungiyoyin saye da gangan suna yin odar tsarin da ba daidai ba saboda sun kwatanta lambobin Ah a kan dandamalin wutar lantarki daban-daban.

Magana mai sauri don daidaitawa gama gari:

Aikace-aikace na ainihi: Daidaita Ah zuwa Buƙatunku na Gaskiya

Isasshen ka'idar. Bari mu yi magana game da irin ƙarfin da kuke buƙata a zahiri don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci na gama gari da masana'antu.

Ƙarfin Ajiyayyen don Mahimman lodi

Tsarin girman yana farawa tare da duba lodin ku. Me ya zama dole ya ci gaba da gudana a lokacin fita, kuma nawa ne?

Ga yadda nake bi abokan ciniki ta cikinsa:

Mataki na 1: Jera kowane kaya mai mahimmanci da zane na yanzu

Hasken gaggawa: 5A

Tsarin tsaro: 3A

Kayan aiki na cibiyar sadarwa/IT: 15A

HVAC iko: 8A

Jimlar: 31A

Mataki 2: Ƙayyade lokacin aiki da ake buƙata

Yawan buƙatu: awa 4 har sai janareta ya kunna ko grid ya dawo

Mataki na 3: Ƙididdige ƙarfin tushe

31A × 4 hours=124Ah ƙarami

Mataki na 4: Aiwatar da ainihin abubuwan duniya{1}

Idan ana amfani da gubar -acid a 50% DoD: 124 ÷ 0.50=248 Ah

Idan amfani da LiFePO4 a 80% DoD: 124 ÷ 0.80=155 Ah

Ƙara 15% tazarar tsufa: 285Ah (lead{2}}acid) ko 178Ah (lithium)

Mataki na 5: Zagaye zuwa masu girma dabam

Gubar{0}}acid: tsarin 300Ah

LiFePO4: tsarin 200Ah

Aikace-aikace iri ɗaya. Tsarin lithium yana da ƙarami, mai sauƙi, kuma sau da yawa mai rahusa a tsawon rayuwarsa duk da ƙarin farashi na gaba.

Kololuwar Aske da Rage Cajin Buƙatun

Lissafi daban-daban gaba ɗaya. Anan kuna girma bisa la'akari da buƙatun buƙatun da kuke buƙatar aske da tsawon lokacin taga bukatarku.

Idan kayan aikin ku ya kai kololuwar 500kW yayin taga na sa'o'i 2, kuma kuna son aske 200kW daga wannan kololuwar:

Ana buƙatar makamashi: 200kW × 2 hours=400kWh

Don tsarin 400V: 400,000Wh ÷ 400V=1,000Ah

Amma kuna buƙatar yin lissafin ingancin inverter (~95%) da zurfin iyakokin fitarwa. Girman girman duniya na gaske yana iya zama 1,200-1,300Ah a 400V.

Girman girman aski yana buƙatar dubawa fiye da sauƙaƙan ƙimar Ah zuwa babban aikin ƙimar-C-. Kwanan nan mun aika da ruwa mai nauyin 215kWh{4}} sanyayayyun majalisar C&I don masana'antar masana'anta da ke fuskantar cajin buƙatu. Suna buƙatar fitarwa cikin sauri don daidaita ƙarfin wuta na mintuna 15 kowace rana.

Madaidaicin baturin "makamashi{0}} cell" zai yi zafi fiye da kima ko ya ragu a cikin ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarƙashin wannan ƙarfin. Ta hanyar daidaita tsarin tare da manyan sel masu aiki{2} masu iya ɗorewa 1C fitarwa, mun taimaka wurin rage cajin buƙatun su da kusan $2,800 kowane wata. Tsarin ya biya kansa a cikin fiye da shekaru 3.5{8} ba don yana da mafi girman ƙimar Ah akan takarda ba, amma saboda yana iya isar da wannan ƙarfin lokacin da grid ɗin ya kai kololuwa.

Solar + Tsarukan Ajiya

Lokacin haɗa batura tare da hasken rana, kuna daidaita abubuwa biyu: adana isassun tsararrakin rana don ɗaukar nauyin maraice, da samun isasshen ƙarfin juriya na yini-.

Tsarin kasuwanci na yau da kullun{0}} ƙari{1} tsarin ajiya zai iya girman bankin baturi a cikin awoyi 2-4 na matsakaicin nauyi. Idan kayan aikin ku yana gudanar da matsakaicin 50kW a cikin sa'o'in maraice kuma kuna son ajiya awanni 3:

50kW × 3 hours=150kWh

Anan shineMaganin BESS na Polinovel na wajesau da yawa suna dacewa da kyau{0}}an tsara su don daidai irin wannan nau'in haɗakar hasken rana na kasuwanci, tare da iya aiki daga 120kWh zuwa kusan 1MWh a cikin tsarin daidaitawa.

Jajayen Tutoci Lokacin Kima da Masu Batir

Bayan shekaru a cikin wannan masana'antar, Na ɓullo da ingantaccen ingantaccen abin gano BS don ƙayyadaddun baturi. Ga abin dubawa:

Ƙarfin da aka gwada akan ƙimar C{0} marar gaskiya

Idan an gwada lambar Ah ɗin kanun a C/100 amma aikace-aikacenku ya fita a C/5, wannan ƙayyadaddun ba shi da amfani a gare ku. Nemi bayanan iya aiki a ainihin ƙimar fitarwar ku.

Bacewar ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi

Kowane halaltaccen masana'anta yana buga ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙima don zafin jiki. Idan sun ba ku lamba ɗaya kawai ba tare da yanayin zafi ba, suna ɓoye wani abu.

Da'awar rayuwar zagayowar ba tare da mahallin DoD ba

"Zazzagewa 10,000" yana da kyau har sai kun karanta kyakkyawan bugu kuma gano cewa yana cikin zurfin 50% na fitarwa. A kashi 80% na DoD, baturi iri ɗaya zai iya wuce hawan keke 4,000 kawai. Koyaushe tambaya: kewayon a wane DoD?

Babu bayanan Peukert don gubar -acid

Idan mai kera batirin gubar{0}acid ba zai gaya muku ma'anar Peukert ba ko ba da ma'aunin iya aiki a ƙimar fitarwa daban-daban, tafi. Sun san adadin su bai yi kyau ba.

"Equivalent Ah" ratings

Wasu masana'antun{0}musamman a sararin lithium{1}} suna amfani da ƙimar "daidai Ah" waɗanda ke kwatanta baturin su da gubar{2}}acid. Baturi mai lakabi "100Ah daidai" na iya zama 50Ah. Ba karya a fasaha ba ne, amma an tsara shi don ruɗe ku.

A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na injiniyanmu, muna tabbatar da cikakken ingancin kowane rukunin tantanin halitta kafin ya shiga cikin tsari. Kullum muna ƙi sel "cini" waɗanda ke da'awar ƙimar Ah mai girma amma sun gaza ƙarƙashin kaya. Misali, kwanan nan mun gwada samfurin tantanin halitta daga mai ba da kayayyaki na waje wanda yayi kyau a 1 amp (C/100) amma ya ruguje zuwa 65Ah lokacin da muka ja 50 amps (0.5C) -wani nauyi na kayan aikin masana'antu.

Shi ya sa manufofin bayanan mu suka yi tsauri: muna kimanta namukasuwanci BESS damarbisa ingantattun igiyoyin aiki, ba magudanar ruwa ba. Idan mai sayarwa ba zai nuna maka yanayin fitarwa a 0.5C ko 1C ba, suna ɓoye ainihin aikin baturin su.

Girman Girman Grid{0}Size da Kayan BESS

Don ayyuka masu ma'auni{0}, ba ma magana game da ƙimar Ah ɗaya ɗaya kuma{1}} muna magana ne game da haɗakar ƙarfin MWh da aka gina daga dubban sel.

Ammafahimtar abin da Ah ke nufi akan baturia matakin tantanin halitta har yanzu yana da mahimmanci, saboda yana taimaka muku kimanta ƙirar tsarin da kama kurakuran ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

Anan ga yadda lissafin ke aiki don tsarin da aka haɗa kwantena na yau da kullun:

Tsarin tantanin halitta gama gari shine 280Ah LiFePO4 cell prismatic a 3.2V mara kyau.

Makamashi kowane tantanin halitta: 280Ah × 3.2V=896Wh ≈ 0.9kWh

Don akwati 5MWh: 5,000kWh ÷ 0.9kWh=~5,556 sel da ake bukata

An tsara waɗannan ƙwayoyin a cikin jerin igiyoyi (don gina ƙarfin lantarki) da kuma layi ɗaya (don gina iyawa). Tsarin tsari na yau da kullun na iya zama:

sel guda 16 a cikin jerin=51.2V module

Moduloli da yawa a cikin jerin=400-800V

Rikodi da yawa a layi daya=karfin MWh

A lokacin da ake kimanta ƙima na BESS, tabbatar:

Cell{0}}matakin Ah da ƙira

Tsarin tsari/daidaitacce

Jimlar ƙididdige madaidaitan makamashi da ake da'awar iya aiki

Zagaye - ƙwaƙƙwaran tafiya (yawanci 85-92%)

Amfanin wutar lantarki (sanyi, BMS) wanda ke rage yawan ƙarfin amfani

Tsarukan BESS na Polinovelkewayo daga 3.85MWh zuwa 5MWh+ a kowace akwati, ta yin amfani da ƙwayoyin LiFePO4 musamman don mafi girman rayuwar su da kwanciyar hankali a cikin manyan shigarwar yawa{4}.

Layin ƙasa akan ƙimar Baturi Ah

Duba,me Ah yake nufi akan baturiba shi da rikitarwa a ka'idar. Ma'aunin ƙarfin caji ne. Ƙirƙiri ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki don samun makamashi. Raba ta halin yanzu don kimanta lokacin aiki.

Rukuni ya fito ne daga duk abubuwan da suka faru na ainihi{0} duniya waɗanda ke lalata wannan ƙarfin ƙa'idar: tasirin fitarwa, rage zafin jiki, zurfin{1}}na{2}}iyakan fitarwa, da bambance-bambancen sinadarai.

Abokan ciniki da nake aiki da su waɗanda ke guje wa kurakurai masu tsada su ne:

Koyaushe canza zuwa kWh mai amfani, ba farantin suna Ah

Tabbatar da ƙimar C{0} da aka yi amfani da ita don gwajin iya aiki

Aiwatar da zafin jiki da rage tsufa don takamaiman yanayin su

Girma don ainihin fa'idodin lithium maimakon ɗaukar duk Ah daidai

Tambayi masu samar da bayanai a ainihin yanayin aiki, ba yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba

Yi waɗannan abubuwa biyar, kuma za ku ƙididdige tsarin da a zahiri ke yin yadda aka sa ran.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Magana

Peukert, W. (1897). "Ƙarin mutuwa Abhängigkeit der Kapazität von der Entladestromstärke bei Bleiakkumulatoren." Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift.

Jami'ar Baturi. "BU-503: Yadda ake ƙididdige lokacin gudu na baturi." baturiuniversity.com

IEEE 1188-2005. "Ayyukan da aka Ba da Shawarar IEEE don Kulawa, Gwaji, da Maye gurbin Batir VRLA don Aikace-aikacen Tsaye."

IEC 61427 {2} 1:2013. "Sauran sel na biyu da batura don ajiyar makamashi mai sabuntawa-Babban buƙatun da hanyoyin gwaji."