Menene Adana Makamashin Batir?

A tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi(BESS) tsari ne da ke amfani da batura a matsayin mai ɗaukar makamashi don adanawa da sakin makamashin lantarki. Yana iya adana makamashin lantarki na wani ɗan lokaci kuma ya ba da wutar lantarki a lokutan da suka dace daidai da buƙata. Yana da ayyuka kamar sauyi mai santsi, aski kololuwa da cika kwari, ƙa'idar mita da ƙa'idar ƙarfin lantarki.

 

A tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturiya ƙunshi: batura, kayan aikin lantarki, tallafin injina, tsarin dumama da sanyaya (tsarin sarrafa zafi), tsarin jujjuya wutar lantarki biyu, tsarin sarrafa makamashi, da tsarin sarrafa baturi.

 

A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fasahohin don sabon ajiyar makamashi, batir ajiyar makamashi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka adadin kuzarin da ake sabuntawa da kuma tabbatar da aminci da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin wutar lantarki. Batirin Lithium{1} ion, azaman mahimman abubuwan ajiyar makamashi, sune "cibiyar tsakiya" da ke tantance ci gaban ajiyar makamashin lantarki. An rarraba batir lithium{3} ion zuwa batir phosphate na lithium iron phosphate da batir lithium na ternary{4}} bisa ga kayan su na cathode. Kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta fi mamaye batirin lithium iron phosphate. Kawar da rana{7}}kolon kololuwar dare{8}}Bambancin kwari shine babban yanayin aikace-aikacen don tsarin ajiyar makamashi, kuma lokacin amfani da samfurin yana rinjayar ribar aikin kai tsaye. Wurin ajiyar makamashi, yawanci yana nufin baturi, shine ainihin na'urar a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi da ake amfani da shi don adanawa da sakin makamashin lantarki.

Tsarin Baturi:

Material Electrode Mai Kyau: Bangaren baturi inda yanayin iskar oxygen ke faruwa. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na lantarki sun haɗa da lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), da lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC).

Material Electrode Mara Kyau: Bangaren baturi inda ragi ya faru. Kayan lantarki mara kyau na gama gari sun haɗa da graphite, silicon, da tin.

• Electrolyte: Matsakaici don jigilar ion a cikin baturi. Yana iya zama ruwa ko m (m electrolyte). Electrolyte yana ba da damar ions don motsawa tsakanin ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da mara kyau, suna kammala aikin caji da fitarwa.
• Separator: Ana zaune a tsakanin ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da marasa kyau, aikinsa shine hana hulɗa kai tsaye tsakanin ma'auni mai kyau da mara kyau, wanda zai iya haifar da gajeren kewayawa, yayin barin ions ya wuce.
• Mai Tarin Yanzu: Yawancin lokaci ana yin shi da ƙarfe (kamar jan ƙarfe da aluminium), ana amfani da su don canja wurin na yanzu daga tantanin halitta zuwa kewayen waje.
• Cajin baturi: Tsarin waje na baturin, ana amfani da shi don kare abubuwan ciki da samar da goyan bayan inji.
• Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi (BMS): Mai alhakin sa ido da sarrafa tsarin caji da cajin baturin, tabbatar da amintaccen aikin baturi da inganta aikinsa da tsawon rayuwarsa.

Ƙa'idar aiki na batir ajiyar makamashi

Abubuwan Gudanarwa na thermal

• Sensors: Na'urori masu auna zafin jiki, na'urori masu auna matsa lamba, da sauransu, ana amfani da su don saka idanu sigogi kamar zazzabi da matsa lamba na baturi da muhalli a ainihin lokacin.
• Sashen Sarrafa: Yawanci microcontroller ko tsarin kwamfuta, mai sarrafa aikin kayan sarrafa zafi dangane da bayanan firikwensin da saitattun algorithms.
• Kayan Aiki:
• Tsarin sanyaya iska: Ya haɗa da magoya baya, tashoshi na iska, masu musayar zafi, da sauransu, suna watsar da zafi ta hanyar iska.
• Tsarin sanyaya ruwa: Ya haɗa da famfo, mai sanyaya, radiators, faranti mai sanyaya, da sauransu, cire zafi ta hanyar wurare dabam dabam.
• Kayan aikin Dumama: Irin su dumama wutar lantarki, dumama canjin lokaci, da sauransu, ana amfani da su don dumama baturi a cikin ƙananan yanayi{1}} zafi.
• Kayayyakin Insulation: Ana amfani dashi don rage tasirin yanayin waje akan zafin baturi da kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na ciki.
• Masu kunnawa: Irin su bawul, famfo, da sauransu, ana amfani da su don sarrafa kwararar sanyaya ko iska.
• Masu haɗawa: Ya haɗa da bututu, igiyoyi, da sauransu, haɗa abubuwa daban-daban don tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun.

Ƙa'idar Gudanar da Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa

1. Kula da Zazzabi: Na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna ci gaba da lura da zafin baturin da muhalli, suna watsa bayanai zuwa sashin sarrafawa.
2. Binciken Bayanai: Ƙungiyar sarrafawa tana nazarin bayanan don tantance ko ana buƙatar kunna kayan sanyaya ko dumama.
3. Tsarin sanyaya: -Sanyaya iska: Lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce matakin da aka saita, fan ɗin yana farawa, yana tura iska a saman saman baturi don cire zafi.-Ruwa Cooling: Famfu yana tura mai sanyaya ta cikin farantin sanyaya ko kai tsaye cikin hulɗa da baturi, yana ɗaukar zafi kafin komawa zuwa radiator don musayar zafi.
4. Tsarin dumama: A cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi{0}, kayan aikin dumama suna kunnawa, suna sakin zafi ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki ko kayan canjin lokaci don ɗaga zafin baturi.
5. Tsarin Zazzabi: Naúrar sarrafawa tana daidaita ƙarfin sanyaya ko dumama bisa ainihin bayanan lokaci{0} don tabbatar da zafin batirin ya kasance cikin mafi kyawun kewayon aiki.
6. Daidaita Rarraba Zafi: Rijiyar - ƙirƙira hanyar kwararar iska ko hanyar kwararar sanyi tana tabbatar da rarraba yanayin zafi iri ɗaya a cikin fakitin baturi.
7. Kariyar Tsaro: Tsarin kuma ya haɗa da kariyar zafi fiye da kima, gano ɗigogi, da sauran ayyukan aminci don hana haɗarin aminci.
8. Haɓaka Haɓakawa: Tsarin sarrafa zafi na zamani na iya haɗa algorithms na hankali na wucin gadi don haɓaka dabarun sarrafawa, haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari, da haɓaka saurin amsawa.
9. Kulawa da Nisa: Tsarin na iya tallafawa ayyukan sa ido na nesa da ayyukan sarrafawa, ƙyale ma'aikatan kulawa su fahimci matsayin tsarin a ainihin lokacin da yin gyare-gyare.

Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi (BMS)

Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi (BMS) shine babban sashi na tsarin ajiyar makamashi, alhakin sarrafawa da lura da yanayin aiki na fakitin baturi don tabbatar da amincinsa, amincinsa, da ingantaccen aiki. Waɗannan su ne ainihin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, ƙa'idodin aiki, da mahimman ayyuka na BMS:

Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi (BMS): Abubuwan asali

Abubuwan Hardware:

• Sensors: Ana amfani dashi don saka idanu sigogi na baturi kamar ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, da zafin jiki.
• Allolin da'ira: Ya haɗa da babban allon kula da da'irar sadarwa, da alhakin sarrafa bayanai da sadarwa.
• Processor: Babban sashin sarrafawa, wanda ke yin nazari da ƙididdige matsayin baturi kuma yana aiwatar da dabarun sarrafawa daidai.
• Relays da Kariya: Ana amfani dashi don cire haɗin cajin baturi da cajin da'irori a cikin yanayi mara kyau, yana kare baturin daga lalacewa.
• Sadarwar Sadarwa: Ana amfani da shi don sadarwar bayanai tare da tsarin waje (kamar tsarin sarrafa abin hawa, sabobin, da sauransu).

Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi (BMS) Ƙa'idar Aiki:

1. Samun Bayanai: BMS na tattara sigogin baturi kamar ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, da zafin jiki a ainihin lokacin ta hanyar firikwensin.
2. Gudanar da Bayanai: Mai sarrafa bayanai yana sarrafa bayanan da aka samu, yana ƙididdige mahimman bayanai kamar yanayin cajin baturi, ƙarfin da ya rage, da juriya na ciki.
3. Ƙirar Dabarun Gudanarwa: Dangane da sakamakon sarrafa bayanai, BMS yana aiwatar da dabarun sarrafawa daidai, kamar daidaita caji/fiddawar halin yanzu da yin daidaita baturi.
4. Sadarwa da Bayani: BMS tana musayar bayanai tare da tsarin waje ta hanyar sadarwar sadarwa, karɓar umarni na waje, da mayar da bayanan matsayin baturi zuwa tsarin waje.

 

Ana iya kwatanta mai sauya makamashi (PCS) da “caja mai girma,” wani mahimmin sashi a tsarin ajiyar makamashi. Yana da damar jujjuyawa biyu kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin. Yana ba da damar jujjuyawar kuzari da gudana ta bidirectional tsakanin baturin ajiyar makamashi da grid. Yana iya juyar da halin yanzu kai tsaye (DC) zuwa alternating current (AC) ko akasin haka don biyan buƙatun grid da cajin tsarin ajiyar makamashi. PCS tana aiki azaman "gada" a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi, haɗa baturin ajiyar makamashi da grid, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin.

 

Tsarin Gudanar da Makamashi (EMS) shine babban sashi na tsarin ajiyar makamashi. Yana da alhakin saka idanu, sarrafawa, da inganta ƙarfin makamashi da ingantaccen aiki na dukkan tsarin.

"Mafita mai kyau ta samo asali daga ƙirar matakin sama, kuma kyakkyawan tsari yana fitowa daga EMS," yana nuna mahimmancin EMS a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi.

EMS yana wanzuwa don tattara bayanai daga duk tsarin ƙasa a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi, sa ido sosai kan aikin tsarin gabaɗaya, da kuma yanke shawarar da suka dace don tabbatar da aikin tsarin aminci. EMS yana loda bayanai zuwa ga gajimare, yana samar da kayan aikin aiki don bayan mai aiki{1}}ma'aikatan gudanarwa na ƙarshe. A lokaci guda, EMS yana da alhakin hulɗar kai tsaye tare da masu amfani. Ma'aikatan kula da mai amfani na iya amfani da EMS don duba ainihin lokacin{4}}aiki na tsarin ajiyar makamashi da aiwatar da sa ido.