Yadda Ake Girman Bankin Batirin Solar Don Kayan Aiki na Gaskiya

Yawancin jagororin ƙima suna gaya muku dabara kuma tsaya a can. Tsarin tsari shine sashi mai sauƙi. Abin da ke jan hankalin mutane akan kayan aiki na gaske shine duk abin da ke kewaye da shi - ƙarfin aiki mai amfani wanda ke canzawa tare da sunadarai da zafin jiki, injin inverter wanda ba zai iya isar da haɓakar buƙatun rijiyar ba, ko lambar ikon cin gashin kai wacce tayi kyau akan takarda har tsawon kwana uku{3} gizagizai ya kwashe bankin da lokacin cin abinci a rana ta biyu.

Wannan jagorar yana tafiya ta hanyar bankin baturi yana daidaita girman yadda mai tsara tsarin ke tunkararsa: fara da kaya na gaske, yi amfani da ainihin dabara, sannan daidaitawa ga haƙiƙanin aikin injiniya wani lissafin littafi ya fita. A ƙarshe za ku sami iyakar iya aiki da gaske za ku iya siyayya don - ba kawai lamba akan farar allo ba.

Yaya Girman Bankin Batirin Solar Ya Kamata?

Babban alaƙar girman ita ce:

Ƙarfin da ake buƙata (Wh)=Amfanin makamashi na yau da kullun (Wh) × Kwanaki na cin gashin kai

Sa'an nan kuma raba ta hanyar zurfin fitarwa (DoD) don samun ƙarfin ƙima da kuke buƙatar siya:

Ƙarfin ƙira (Wh)=Ƙarfin da ake buƙata mai amfani ÷ mai amfani da juzu'i

Idan an ƙididdige batir ɗin ku a cikin awoyi- maimakon watt sa'o'i{1}, canza tare da:

Ah=Wh ÷ tsarin wutar lantarki

Wannan yana ba ku wuri mai karewa. Abin da ke mayar da shi ainihin ƙira shine lissafin sinadarai na baturi, ingantaccen tafiyar tafiya, iyakoki inverter, lodi mai yawa, zafin jiki, da taga cajin hasken rana. Sauran wannan labarin ya bayyana yadda.

Bayanan kula akan dabara: wasu jagororin suna rubuta "yin amfani da kullun × lokacin ajiyar kuɗi a cikin sa'o'i," wanda ke aiki kawai idan kun raba baya. Amfanikwanakin 'yancin kaiyana kiyaye raka'a daidai kuma yana guje wa kuskuren girman girman da muke gani akan dandalin DIY.

Ƙarfin Baturi vs Fitar Wuta

Kafin kowace lamba tana nufin wani abu, yana taimakawa wajen raba abubuwa biyu da mutane sukan haɗu:

• Iyawa (Wh ko kWh)- nawa makamashin da bankin ke adanawa. Wannan shine abin da ƙididdiga masu ƙima ke ƙididdigewa.
• Power (W ko kW)- yadda za a iya isar da makamashi cikin sauri a wani lokaci. Ana iyakance wannan ta ƙimar C{2} na baturi kuma, mafi yawan lokuta, ta hanyar inverter.

Bankin kWh 10 tare da inverter 3 kW zai iya tafiyar da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na kwanaki, amma ba zai iya fara famfo rijiyar mai karfin doki 5 ba. Idan wannan bambancin ba a sani ba ne, dabambanci tsakanin kW da kWhya cancanci karantawa da sauri kafin ku ci gaba da yin kuskuren girman girman - galibi ana farawa anan.

Ƙarfin Ƙarfi vs Ƙarfin Mai Amfani

Batirin kWh 10 kusan bai taba ba ku 10 kWh na yau da kullun, kuzari mai amfani ba. Abin da kuke samu a zahiri ya dogara da:

• Amintaccen zurfin fitarwa na sinadarai - masana'antun LiFePO4 galibi suna ƙayyadaddun 80-95% DoD don amfani da keke, yayin da ruwan gubar da aka ambaliya{4}}acid yawanci ana riƙe da kashi 50% don adana rayuwar sake zagayowar.
• Tsare-tsaren lithium - ingantaccen tafiya - gabaɗaya shine 90-95%; gubar -Acid kusan 80-85%
• Zazzabi - ƙarfin lithium yana faɗuwa a ƙananan zafin jiki, kuma ana haramta caji ƙasa da daskarewa ba tare da na'urar dumama ba. Wannan ya cancanci sake dubawa dalla-dalla idan kun shigar a waje (kewayon zafin baturi lithiumyana rufe ƙofa)
• Inverter kai -cinyewa da BMS sama da ƙasa

Haɗa waɗannan tare kuma "10 kWh nominal" cikin sauƙi na iya zama 7-8 kWh na gaske, mai amfani da kuzarin yau da kullun akan tsarin lithium, kuma kusa da 4 kWh akan gubar - bankin acid. Wannan shine inda mafi ƙarancin shigarwar ke yin kuskure: girman mutane daga lambar sitika kuma su tsallake ɓarna.

Mataki na 1

Kafin yin girman wani abu, yanke shawarar abin da ya kamata baturi yayi. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na zahiri sun kasance kamar haka:

• Mahimman madadin- firiji, fitilu, intanit, ƴan kantuna, ƙila na'urar likita
• Sashe na -Ajiyayyen gida- ƴan da'irori masu mahimmanci a lokacin fita
• Gaba ɗaya{0}Ajiyayyen gida- mafi girman manufa, galibi yana buƙatar tallafin janareta
• Kashe -gidan grid- amfanin yau da kullun da dare da mara kyau{1}} ajiyar yanayi
• RV, van, jirgin ruwa{0}} ƙaramin ma'ajiyar ma'auni don lodin wayar hannu

Waɗannan al'amuran suna da ambulaf ɗin girma daban-daban, kuma wanda ya shafi ku - fiye da kowace dabara - shine ke jagorantar amsa ta ƙarshe. Idan baku yanke shawarar ko kuna grid - an ɗaure ku, kashe -grid, ko haɗaɗɗiyar grid ba, wannan shine wurin da zaku fara (akan -grid vs off-grid vs hybrid solar systemsyana rushe bambance-bambance).

Ƙididdiga Amfani da Makamashi Kullum

Ga kowane kaya:

Watts × hours a kowace rana=Wh kowace rana

Abubuwa biyu masu farawa akai-akai ke rasa anan:

1. Wattage farantin suna ba lokacin gudu ba ne.Firjin da aka ƙididdigewa a 120 W baya zana 120 W a kai a kai - yana kewayawa. Yin amfani da farantin suna azaman ci gaba da zana ƙima a kullum Wh ta kusan 2-3×. Filogi{7} a cikin kWh mita akan ainihin kayan aikin kwana ɗaya ko biyu ya fi daidai.
2. Juyin yanayi yana da mahimmanci.Na'urar sanyaya iska{0}, dumama sarari, fanfunan rijiyoyi, da na'urorin wutar lantarki suna da babban bambancin lokacin bazara. Girman ga mafi munin watan da kuke kula da shi, ba matsakaicin shekara ba.

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci -jerin kaya na madadin na iya yin kama da wannan:

Mataki na 2: Yanke Kwanaki Nawa na 'Yancin Kai da kuke Bukata

'Yancin kai shine adadin kwanakin da bankin ya kamata ya ɗauki lodin ku tare da ƙarancin shigar da hasken rana ko kaɗan. Maƙasudai na yau da kullun:

• 0.5 rana (na dare kawai)grid - - tsarin daure tare da hasken rana yana kashe yawancin lodi
• kwana 1- na gama gari don yanayin rana da kuma ajiyar wuri{1}} ƙira mai mayar da hankali
• 2-3 kwanaki- kashe- gidaje masu grid a cikin wuraren da amintaccen hasken rana, ko yankunan da ke ganin gajimare lokaci-lokaci
• kwanaki 3-{1}- Latitudes na arewa, manyan lodin hunturu, ko rukunin yanar gizo masu tsayin gajimare

TheNREL PVWatts Kalkuletayana ba da wuri{0} takamaiman ƙididdiga na samar da hasken rana kowane wata, kuma karanta mafi muni{1}}wararrun wata yawanci ya fi amfani fiye da matsakaicin shekara yayin da kake yanke shawarar nawa za a ƙirƙira don yancin kai.

Akwai hakikanin ciniki{0}}ashe anan. Kowace karin rana ta 'yancin kai tana ƙara farashi mai mahimmanci da nauyi, kuma manyan bankuna kuma suna buƙatar manyan na'urorin hasken rana don caji su cikin sa'o'in rana da ake da su. A kashe -Masu shigar da grid yawanci suna haɗa kwanaki 2-3 na baturi tare da janareta maimakon girman girman kwanaki 5+, saboda janareta yana da arha fiye da ƙarin ƙarfin baturi da yake musanya.

Mataki na 3: Mayar da Buƙatun Makamashi Zuwa Ƙarfin Baturi

Tare da yin amfani da yau da kullun da ƙwaƙƙwaran ikon kai, toshe cikin dabarun:

Ma'ajiyar da ake buƙata mai amfani=Kwanaki na ƙwazo na Wh × kullum

Ƙarfin ƙira=Da ake buƙata mai amfani da ma'auni ÷ mai amfani juzu'i

Juzu'in da ake amfani da shi ya dogara da sinadarai da kuma yadda ake son yin aiki cikin ra'ayin mazan jiya:

• LiFePO4:80-90% shine adadi mai ma'ana mai ma'ana don yawancin amfanin zama; koyaushe tabbatar da takaddun bayanan masana'anta
• AGM / gubar da aka rufe{0}}acid:yawanci ana shirya kusan 50%
• gubar da ta malala -Acid:50%, tare da daidaitawa lokaci-lokaci

Misalin aiki: 3,000 Wh/rana × 1.5 kwanaki na cin gashin kai=4,500 Wh mai amfani. A kan LiFePO4 tare da 85% mai amfani, wannan shine 4,500 ÷ 0.85 ≈ 5,300 Wh mara kyau. A kan AGM a 50%, manufa iri ɗaya ita ce 9,000 Wh maras muhimmanci - kusan ninki biyu. Kimiyyar sinadarai ba takalmi ba ne; yana da kusan mai ninka 2× akan nawa zaka saya.

Tukar Wh ke Ah

Yawancin batirin mazaunin lithium yanzu ana sayar da su a cikin kWh, amma ƙimar amp{0}} har yanzu ana gama gari don tsarin 12V da 24V. Juyawa shine:

Ah=Wh ÷ tsarin wutar lantarki

• 5,000 Wh a 12V=417 Ah
• 5,000 Wh a 24V=208 Ah
• 5,000 Wh a 48V=104 Ah

Idan sashin Ah bai saba ba.abin da Ah ke nufi akan baturiya ƙunshi ma'anar da yadda yake da alaƙa da lokacin aiki.

Mataki na 4: 12V vs 24V vs 48V - Zaɓi Ƙarfin Tsarin Tsarin Dama

Wutar lantarki ba kawai ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba ne - yana ƙayyade girman kebul, zaɓuɓɓukan inverter, inganci, da yadda tsarin ma'auni.

• 12V:RVs, vans, ƙananan gidaje, tsarin inverter guda ɗaya - ƙarƙashin ~1.5 kW. Akwai na'urorin haɗi masu sauƙi, masu arha na DC. Sama ~ 2 kW na ci gaba da kaya, 12V wayoyi ya zama lokacin farin ciki mara amfani.
• 24V:Tsakanin gidaje masu girma da yawa da ƙananan gidaje{1} har zuwa kusan 3-4 kW ci gaba. Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici lokacin da masu juyawa 48V suka yi yawa amma 12V yana da iyaka.
• 48V:Ma'auni don madaidaicin gida gabaɗayan -, mafi yawan na'urorin jujjuyawar zamani, da duk wani mummunan tsarin grid{1}. Ƙananan halin yanzu yana nufin ƙananan igiyoyi, mafi girman inganci, da dacewa tare da mafi girman kewayon kayan aiki.

Ka'idar babban yatsan hannu: idan ci gaba da nauyin ku ya wuce 3 kW, tsoho zuwa 48V. Yawancin injinan inverters na zamani na zamani da manyan batir LFP masu ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki{3} ana gina su a kusa da 48V na ƙima komafi girma -madaidaicin baturitopologies musamman saboda 12V da 24V ba sa yin girma da tsafta zuwa duka nauyin gida{2}.

Mataki 5: Daidaita Chemistry zuwa Aikace-aikacen

Kwatanta gaskiya, cire talla:

Don lissafin farashi akan shekaru da yawa, LFP ya ci nasarar rukunin gidaje da C&I a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, da ƙungiyoyi kamarMa'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurkasun rubuta raguwar farashin da ya sanya lithium ya zama tsoho don sabbin kayan aiki. Don zurfafa kallon yadda sinadarai ke kwatanta don ajiya musamman, dubanau'ikan baturi daban-daban don ajiyar makamashi.

Girma ta hanyar Amfani da Case

Waɗannan jeri ne na farawa don ƙididdigewa, ba ƙiman ƙira ba - yanayin ku, lodi, da zaɓin inverter zai canza lambobi a bangarorin biyu.

Abin da Sauƙaƙan Girman Ba ​​Ya Kama

Tsarin yana ɗaukar duniya mai tsabta. Abubuwan shigarwa na gaske suna da gefuna:

• Maɗaukakin nauyi.Motoci (famfon rijiyar rijiyar, compressors, raka'a AC) na iya jan 3-7 × ikon da aka ƙididdige su na daƙiƙa ɗaya ko biyu a farawa. Batirin dole ne ya samar da wannan halin yanzu, kuma inverter ya wuce shi. Tafiyar inverters marasa girma; ƙananan bankunan sag.
• Zagaye{0}} ƙwaƙƙwaran tafiya.Makamashi a ciki ba makamashi ba ne. Tsarin lithium yana asarar kusan 5-10% zagaye{3}} tafiya; gubar -Acid yana asarar 15-20%. Idan kuna buƙatar 3 kWh, dole ne ku sanya 3.3-3.6 kWh a ciki.
• Rage yanayin zafi.LFP yana asarar ƙarfin aiki ƙasa da digiri 0 kuma gabaɗaya ba za a iya cajin ƙasa da daskarewa ba tare da hita na ciki ba. Wuraren zafi (digiri 35 +) yana haɓaka tsufa na kalanda. Idan shigarwar yana cikin gareji, tirela, ko majalisar ministocin waje, wannan yana canza girman girman ku.
• Tagan cajin hasken rana.Bankin kWh 15 wanda kawai ke samun sa'o'i 3 masu amfani da rana a cikin hunturu yana buƙatar isassun PV da cajin ikon sarrafawa don a zahiri maye gurbin wannan makamashi. Babban banki mai girman gaske tare da tsararru mara girman girma banki ne da ke nutsewa a hankali.
• AC vs DC hadawa.Tsarin gine-gine yana canza inda asara ke faruwa da kuma abubuwan da kuke buƙata. (AC{0}}haɗe vs DC{1}} ma'ajiyar baturiya rufe wannan daki-daki.)

Doka mai amfani: bayan kun buga lamba tare da dabarar, ƙara 15-25% rata don ainihin yanayin duniya sai dai idan kun ƙirƙira duk abubuwan da ke sama.

Misalai Biyu Aiki

Misali 1: Mahimman madadin a cikin yanayi mai laushi

lodi: 2,120 Wh/rana (daga teburin da ke sama). Manufa: kwana 1 na cin gashin kai yayin fita. Chemistry: LFP a 85% mai amfani.

Ana buƙata mai amfani=2,120 × 1=2,120 Wh
Na ƙididdiga=2,120 ÷ 0.85 ≈ 2,500 Wh
Tare da 20% na gaske - iyakar duniya: ~ 3,000 Wh (3 kWh)

A 48V, wannan shine kusan 62 Ah. Yawancin baturan LFP na zama suna farawa daga 5 kWh, don haka siyan da ake amfani da shi shine naúrar 5 kWh 48V - wanda kuma yana ba ku daki don rufe ƙarancin ƙarewa ko ƙara ƙaramin kaya.

Misali 2: Kashe -gidan grid

lodi: 3,600 Wh/rana (fitilu, firiji, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, famfo ruwa, misc). Manufa: Kwanaki 2 na cin gashin kai don rufe madaidaicin gizagizai. Chemistry: LFP a 85%.

Ana buƙata mai amfani=3,600 × 2=7,200 Wh
Na ƙididdiga=7,200 ÷ 0.85 ≈ 8,500 Wh
Tare da gefen 20% don lalatawar hunturu da haɓaka gaba: ~ 10,200 Wh

Don haka bankin 10 kWh 48V LFP manufa ce mai ma'ana - kuma a aikace, mafi yawan{3}}masu shigar da grid za su haɗa wannan tare da ƙaramin janareta don guguwar rana da yawa maimakon girman4+ kwanaki na cin gashin kai, saboda janareta ya fi rahusa kowace kWh fiye da ƙarin batura.

Kuskuren Girman Girman Jama'a

• Amfani da wattage mai suna maimakon auna yawan lokacin aiki.Madogara mafi girma guda ɗaya na jerin manyan kaya.
• Girma daga iyawar ƙididdigewa, yin watsi da DoD.Na kowa akan gubar - shigar da acid inda masu siye ke tsammanin 100 Ah don nufin 100 Ah na amfanin yau da kullun.
• Mantawa da inverter.Babban banki a bayan injin inverter 3 kW har yanzu ba zai iya tafiyar da nauyin 5 kW ba. Daidaita su. Theinverter dama da haɗin baturi don amfanin gidayana da kyau a yi tunani kafin ku saya ko ɗaya.
• Babu shirin yin cajin hasken rana.Idan PV ɗinku ba zai iya maye gurbin zanen yau da kullun a cikin sa'o'in rana da ake da su ba, cin gashin kansa kawai yana ɗauka har sai bankin ya faɗi ƙasa.
• Girman kayan yau kawai.Cajin EV, famfunan zafi, da dafa abinci na yau da kullun sune ƙari na shekara uku -. Bar headroom.