M electrolytes suna da yawa abũbuwan amfãni a kan ruwa electrolytes. Misali, suna iya rage nakasar lantarki yayin caji da fitarwa, inganta aminci. Har ila yau, suna da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali, suna da sauƙin sarrafawa, da girma nalithiumZa a iya rage girman dendrites a cikin sauran ƙarfi{0}} ƙwararrun ƙwararrun polymer electrolytes kyauta.
Bincike kan polymer electrolytes ya fara tun farkon 1973, lokacin da Fenton et al. gano cewa polyethylene oxide (PEO) hadaddun tare da alkali karafa zai iya gudanar da ions. Tun daga nan, polymer electrolytes sun jawo hankalin babba.
A cikin 1978, Dr. Armand ya annabta cewa PEO{2}}ana iya amfani da ƙwaƙƙwaran tushen ƙarfi{3}} state polymer electrolytes azaman electrolytes don batura.
A cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa, masu bincike sun ba da himma sosai wajen nazarin tsarin gudanar da ion da sifofin sinadarai na electrolyte{0}}iyakin lantarki a cikin baturi, kuma sun sami ci gaba mai kyau.
Batirin Lithium{0} ion da ke amfani da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta na polymer na iya hana matsalolin ɗigowa masu alaƙa da masu amfani da ruwa.
Polymers suna da sauƙin sarrafawa kuma ana iya rage su. Saboda girman robobinsu, ana kuma iya amfani da polymers don ƙirƙirar batir ɗin fim na bakin ciki{1}. Ana iya ƙirƙira tsarin batir daban-daban ta amfani da polymer electrolytes don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikace daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, polymer electrolytes suna ba da mafi girma sinadarai, electrochemical, da thermal kwanciyar hankali idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin lantarki na ruwa, tare da ƙananan halayen gefe tare da na'urorin lantarki da mafi girman yanayin zafin aiki. Sassaucin na'urorin lantarki na polymer na iya adana ƙarar canje-canje a cikin na'urorin lantarki yayin caji da fitarwa, daidaita tsarin baturi. Don haka, bayan tallace-tallacen batir ɗin ruwa{6} ion, fasahar baturi na lithium{7} ion da aka dogara akan polymer electrolytes za ta haɓaka cikin sauri kuma ta cimma nasarar kasuwanci.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rarraba polymer electrolytes, kuma ka'idoji sun bambanta. A halin yanzu, ƙwaƙƙwaran polymer electrolytes ana bambanta su ne bisa ga nau'in polymer da aka yi amfani da su, kamar fitaccen polyether{1}} tushen polyethylene oxide (PEO), da kuma polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) da polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Gabaɗaya magana, polymer electrolytes suna buƙatar cika waɗannan sharuɗɗan don a yi amfani da su a zahiri a cikin batirin lithium{3}}.
High ionic watsin
Babban lithium{0}}lambar canja wuri
Kyakkyawan ƙarfin inji
Faɗin tagar lantarki
Kyakkyawan sinadarai da kwanciyar hankali na thermal
A cikin tsarin polymer electrolyte na yanzu, polymers suna nuna mahimmancin crystallinity a cikin zafin jiki, wanda ke bayyana dalilin da yasa ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki na polymer electrolytes a cikin dakin ya fi ƙasa da na ruwa electrolytes. Yawancin lu'ulu'u a cikin polymers sune spherulites, tare da yankunan amorphous tsakanin su. An yi imani da cewa lithium {2} ion conduction da farko yana faruwa ne a cikin waɗannan yankuna masu amorphous.
Don haka, fahimtar tsarin tsari na polymers yana taimakawa don nazarin tsarin sarrafa lithium{0}ion.
Don tsarin binary polymer electrolyte tsarin, tsarin lokaci ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu: yankuna na crystalline da yankuna amorphous. Samuwar yankuna crystalline ana motsa jiki da kai tsaye zuwa takamaiman yanayin shirye-shirye da lokaci. Magana mai mahimmanci, saboda kasancewar yankuna na crystalline a cikin tsarin polymer, da kuma gagarumin bambancin waɗannan yankuna tare da yanayi daban-daban, kwatanta nau'in nau'in nau'in polymer electrolytes ba kimiyya ba ne. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, idan haɓakar yankuna na crystalline yana jinkirin kuma ɓacin rai a cikin haɓakar ionic yana cikin kewayon karɓuwa, ana yarda da kwatancen halayen. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke yawan kwatanta sakamako daban-daban.
Tunda haɓakar spherulites a cikin polymer lokaci ne - dogara, ƙimar ionic a yanayin zafi ƙasa da wurin narkewar polymer shima lokaci ne{1}}. Bugu da ƙari, ɗigon lithium{3} ion na polymer electrolytes yana da alaƙa da ƙimar dumama, ƙimar sanyaya, da lokacin hutu. Misali, lokacin hutu mai tsayi yana haifar da ingantaccen tsari na kristal polymer da mafi girman crystallinity, yana haifar da raguwar hankali a hankali a cikin halayen ionic zuwa mafi ƙaranci tare da ƙara lokacin hutu. Hakazalika, yawan sanyaya a hankali yana haifar da ƙarin cikar crystallization, kuma daidaitaccen aikin ionic shima zai ragu a hankali zuwa ƙarami.
Ɗaukar binary m polymer electrolyte na PEO da LiCIO4 a matsayin misali, wannan tsarin ya ƙunshi mahara lokaci Tsarin. Na farko, LiClO4 da PEO na iya samar da gidaje iri-iri, gami da PEO6{9}}LiCIO4, PEO3{25}}LiCIO4, PEO2-LiCIO4, da PEO-LiClO4. Daga cikin su, lokacin da O:Li=10:1, PEO6-LiCIO4 zai iya samar da eutectic tare da PEO, tare da narkewar maki 50 . Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa digiri 160, ana iya kafa babban eutectic. A lokacin aikin sanyaya, babban eutectic zai samar da nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in) narke sama da digiri 120 kuma yana da babban abun ciki na gishiri; Nau'in na biyu yana narkewa tsakanin digiri 45 da 60 , yana da ƙarancin gishiri, kuma yana da sannu a hankali; Nau'in na uku yana da ma'anar narkewa kaɗan kaɗan fiye da polymer mai watsa shiri kuma yana samar da sauri. Bincike da bincike sun nuna cewa: nau'in spherulite na farko yana yiwuwa PEO3-LiCIO4; Nau'in na biyu na iya zama cakuda PEO-LiCIO4 da PEO3-LiCIO4; kuma nau'in na uku yayi daidai da PEO kanta. Bugu da ƙari, abun ciki na gishiri na lithium da tsarin kula da zafi na iya haifar da canje-canjen tsari.
Polymer electrolytes aji ne na kayan aikin polymer mai aiki tare da haɓakar haɓakar ionic, waɗanda aka samo su ta hanyar hadaddun halayen polymers da salts na ƙarfe ta amfani da polymers azaman matrix. Dangane da matrix polymer, na gama gari na polymer electrolytes sun haɗa da PEO{1}} tushen polymer electrolytes, PVDE{2}} tushen polymer electrolytes, PMMA{3}} tushen polymer electrolytes, da sauransu. Sabanin inorganic m -wayoyin lantarki na jihar, polymer electrolytes ba su da nauyi, na roba, kuma barga. Kamar inorganic solid -state electrolytes, polymer electrolytes ba wai kawai suna gudanar da ions a cikin batir lithium ba amma suna aiki azaman masu raba baturi. Polymer electrolytes galibi suna da fa'idodi masu zuwa:
Yana iya magance matsalar samuwar lithium dendrite da kyau a cikin batirin lithium{0}
Zai iya daidaita da kyau ga nakasawa yayin aiwatar da caji da aiwatar da cajin batirin lithium{0}
Yana iya rage ko ma kawar da halayen sinadaran tsakanin electrolyte da kayan lantarki a cikin batirin lithium{0}
Yana da babban aikin aminci
Rukunin da aka samar da gishirin lithium daban-daban (ciki har da LBF4, LIPF6, LiCFSO4, da LiASF6) tare da PEO suna kama da waɗanda LiCIO4 suka kirkira, ma'ana cewa nau'in gishirin lithium ba shi da wani tasiri kai tsaye akan nau'in hadadden da aka kafa tare da PEO. Musamman, LiBF na iya samar da rukunin gidaje biyu tare da PEO: PEO4-LIBF da PEO,S{17}}LiBF. Lokacin da rabon O/Li ya kasance tsakanin 16 da 20, PEO2.5{24}}LIBF4 na iya samar da eutectic tare da PEO. LPF6 kuma na iya samar da hadaddun gidaje guda biyu tare da PEO: PEO6-LiPF6 da PEO: -LiPF6. Rukunin guda biyu da LiASF6 ya kirkira tare da PEO sun yi kama da na LiPF6, amma tare da mafi girman wuraren narkewa. Large anion lithium salts kuma na iya samar da hadaddun tare da PEO, amma motsin motsa jiki yana da hankali sosai. Bugu da ƙari kuma, matsa lamba kuma yana rinjayar ci gaban crystal zuwa ɗan lokaci. Matsakaicin matsa lamba yana haɓaka haɓakar spherulite, yana rage yankin amorphous, kuma daidai yana rage haɓakar lithium-ion.